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[no audio]

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Friends, in this video we are going to discuss about data types of

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your Python or variable data types in your Python.

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See before going to start about this concept, you know already

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variable, right?

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Simply you are taking some 'x = 2', any number, and you

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are saying that this is a variable. I can also take some other

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variable like 'y =' some 4.8 right, or let's say some

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'z=' some '3 +' some '4j', but instead of 'j'

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I have taken 'i'. I mean we have three variables,

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right, and in first variable I have, any way in all these

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three variables you have number only, but strictly speaking 'x' is an integer,

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'y' is some float 'z' is complex. That means based on

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which type of data you are storing into your variable, based on that

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we have data types or variable data types. And one more thing

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guys, you know whenever if you assign something like any

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variable equal to any value, right,

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so Python is going to take some RAM memory and in that you're

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storing a value called '4', and whatever the address is there

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for this memory that is represented with 'x'.

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Now, if you want to take, the value of 'x' directly simply you are taking

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'x', but if you want to find what is the address of your

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'x', so for that there is a small syntax.

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Let me open that.

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Let me show you that.

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Let me enter into my Python.

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You can use this from anywhere,

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I mean from both Python Script or Program or Panel of your

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Python. 'id(x)', will give the memory location of your variable,

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okay. Guys, this point is very, very important for your online

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exams. Just make a note. 'id(x)' will give your

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variable memory location.

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But if you want to get variable value directly you have to take

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variable itself, right?

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See, sorry. 'x = 5', I can directly take 'print(x)',

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I can get value of 'x'. But if I want to get the 'id', memory

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location of your 'x' I have to take in this way.

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So otherwise I can store 'id(x)', or address of

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'x' '=id(x)'.

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I mean I am defining one new variable called 'id_x', and into

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that I assign 'id(x)'. I can do it in this way also.

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Okay, that's fine.

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Now let's come back to your discussion, data types, right?

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First thing guys, every value in Python has a data type.

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It may be integer, or float, or complex, or some string, or some

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Boolean, right?

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We have different data types in your Python, right. And guys,

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whatever the point we have here, right that may or may not

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be understood by you as of now because if you are familiar

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with some OOPS concepts of any other programming language

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then you can easily understand the second point.

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If you don't know just forget about second point, we will

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discuss it while working with OOPS in your Python.

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So that is, "Since everything is an object in Python,

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so whatever you are creating, whatever you are writing no,

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that is like an object in your Python Programming. So data

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types are actually classes and variables, right.

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Your data types are actually have classes and variables,

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and they are like instances of the classes.

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[no audio]

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That's fine.

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So based on which type of data you are storing into your

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variable, based on that

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we have different types of data types, right. Then we have

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various, but I'm going with as of now basic data types.

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They are like numbers. In numbers

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you have integer data, float, and complex; strings; Boolean,

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okay. Let me open a script and there I will write.

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So I opened my Sublime Text.

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Let me give a name for my Python Script, right. Just click

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on 'Ctrl + S', just press 'Ctrl + S', so we are working with

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our, let me take 'Desktop', there

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we have one folder called 'PythonScripts'.

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Let me create here,

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[no audio]

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'working_with_data_types.py', right. Fine.

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So guys, first thing I am writing 'x=' some number 3,

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okay, 'y=' some number 4.6, and 'z=' some number

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'3+4i', right?

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[no audio]

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Then let me print first your variable 'x', and then let me print

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your variable 'y', and let me print your variable 'z', right. Save

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it and run it. So to run just to press 'Ctrl + B'.

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So you're getting your all datas, right.

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So guys, if you observe here I defined my variables,

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three variables in three lines.

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Of course, I can also do define in this way. In a single line

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if you want to define multiple variables you can also go in this way.

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This is also valid one.

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Just observe the output, you're getting same output, right?

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Fine. Now, and even if you want to display your all variables

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with one single 'print' statement simply you can write

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'x, y, z'.

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This is also valid one,

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okay. Now, let me run this and see the output.

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[no audio]

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You are getting same output,

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right, but in a single line you are getting. So how to print in multiple lines,

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we will see it.

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Right. Okay, fine.

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So just for clarity, just I am maintaining 'x=', and

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'y=' and 'z=', and then I am printing separately, 'print(x)',

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[no audio]

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then 'print(y)',

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[no audio]

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'print(z)'.

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[no audio]

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Fine. At the same time now

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what I am doing is I am also printing 'x, type(x)'. So

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I can print with the 'type(x)', right and see the output of

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your 'x' value, 'x' type. Same way 'y, type(y)', and then

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already we know this what is the type, right?

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[no audio]

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Observe the output you're getting - integer, float, and complex.

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So anyway, first of all these three variables are number data

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types, specifically 'x' is integer, 'y' is float, and 'z' is complex.

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So this is one data type, suppose.

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Right. Now, let me comment this. You have second data type as strings,

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string. String is nothing but group of characters, maybe single

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character also. Let's say I am taking a variable name,

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that is 'my_name' or

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[no audio]

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'lan_name',

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right. You can take any variable.

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Simply you can take 'l=' also. Just suitable variable

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name, I am selecting 'lan_name="python scripting"'.

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So guys, if you observe whatever you are writing on right

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side of your equal symbol, that is a string. If it is a string

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you have to mention that string inside of quotations,

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same as your 'print'. Through 'print' you are printing some string

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no? If it is a string you have to write inside of your quotations,

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and that quotations maybe single quotation or double quotation.

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Let me first work with single quotation

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and see the output,

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or I can also define like, you know single quotations as well.

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[no audio]

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That's it.

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[no audio]

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Right. And let me do one thing.

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[no audio]

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I am taking 'my_name=

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narendra'. So 'print(my_name)'.

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[no audio]

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Right. So if you observe 12th line you are defining a string. If

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it is a string actually you have to write inside of quotations.

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It may be single or double or even maybe triple quotes also.

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But as of now I am going to work with single and double.

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For time being just remember only these two way of defining

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your strings, we'll discuss the triple quotes somewhere else.

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Fine. Now if you observe 'my_name=', string I am

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writing but this string I'm not writing in quotation.

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And if you run this, see the output what you are getting. You

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are getting an error called "name 'narendra' is not defined".

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In case if it is already a variable

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then this value will be assigned to this

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like, let me explain with example. Suppose 'x=2'

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I have, and 'y=x' if I write. 'x' is already defined. 'x'

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value is there too. Now that value you are assigning to 'y',

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and in this case, this is correct.

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But in our program nowhere we are defining variable called

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'narendra', that's why it is giving, "name

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'narendra' is not defined", but actually our intention is

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'narendra' is not a variable, right?

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'narendra' is a data.

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That's why you have to write inside of your quotations.

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Now, it will work perfectly. That's it.

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Right. And if you want to know the type of your variable

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always you can 'print(type())', your variable name so that you

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will get your variable type, which type of data you stored

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into your variable, that is a string.

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[no audio]

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Right. Then,

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the next one is you have Boolean data types.

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So guys in your strings you know, let me take simply

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'my_name=' some "x" also. Now here

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I am redeclaring my variable name as 'x'. Now

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see the output, final output. "x", you are getting. I mean,

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you can also take single character as your string, no problem.

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See the output. You're getting class as 'str'. "x" is also a string.

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[no audio]

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Okay, this is fine. Now, let me comment multiple lines.

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I'm commenting. So you know, what is the purpose of comment,

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I mean triple quotes? To comment multiple lines, right? Now

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if I run this program, no output because all lines are commented.

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Fine. Now observe that

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[no audio]

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I am going to take something called 'my_value=True'.

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Right. So guys, you know 'True' is not a variable here.

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And suppose if you feel 'True' is a string you should

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write in quotations, and in case if 'True' is not present

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then what will happen?

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You will get an error. If 'True' is not a variable you will

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get an error but except 'True' and 'False'.

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Let me take 'my_new_value

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=False'.

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Let me run this and see the output.

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You're not getting any output, at the same time

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you're not getting any error as well.

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But if I take 'my_one_more_value

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=true', and if I run that, see the output

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what you are getting. 'true' is not defined. Small letter

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't', 'true' is not defined. Same way 'T'

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also not defined, right but you are not getting error here,

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but you are getting error while defining in this way.

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That means actually only 'True', and only 'False',

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these two are for your Boolean, right.

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Let me print your 'my_name', sorry 'my_value', and then 'type()'

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your 'my_value'.

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[no audio]

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See the output. You are getting like a Boolean. Not only for

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that, 'print(my_new_value, type(my_new_value))'. See the

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output. Both are Boolean.

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So actually whenever if you write in this way, you will feel

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that 'True' is a string and 'False' is also a string,

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but if you don't write quotations only for these two words

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guys, not for any other words, only for 'True' and

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only for 'False',

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if you don't write quotations, then they will act as like

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a Boolean data type.

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By mistake if you write quotations for 'True', if you write

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anything inside of a quotation that is always a string

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even though if it is 'True', because you have written inside of

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quotations now that data will be considered as a string.

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Observe the output. You're getting as a string.

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[no audio]

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Right. So you have to remember this point. Except this 'True' and

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'False', remaining all strings

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you have to write quotations, then only that is a valid syntax.

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Even if you want to take 'True' as a string,

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yes, you can take it by mentioning inside of quotations.

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Right. So guys, these are the data types, basic data types in your Python.

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Right. So already we know that. The next thing is typecasting or

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type conversion,

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so simply converting one data type to another, is it possible?

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Yes, it is possible.

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Let me show you one example.

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[no audio]

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See as of now let me take a very simple example so that

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you will be clear.

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[no audio]

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I am taking 'x=' some number 56, right?

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And then I am printing your 'x', then its 'type(x)'.

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[no audio]

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Observe the output first, integer. Now

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I am taking y, 'y=str(x)', then I am printing

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'y, type(y)', so whatever the 'y' you have no,

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that 'y' how you are creating? From 'x'

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I'm creating 'y' but while assigning 'x' value to 'y' I am

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converting the number into string. Now see the output. Yes,

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now your '56' is a string. That means 'y' value is a string

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but 'x' value is integer.

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[no audio]

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Right. Same way

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let me take 'x=', some 'z=', boolean,

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'bool(x)', and let me print your 'z' as well as 'type(z)'.

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[no audio]

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See the output. 'True' you're getting. 'bool(x)'. Some value

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is there, that value if you convert into 'z',

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I mean Boolean, that will be 'True'.

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Let me take 'p=0', right and first let me print

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your 'p', then 'type(p)'.

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So I want to print 'p' as well as 'type(p)'.

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So observe the last 'print' statement, that is a integer. Now,

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what I am doing is, let me take some 'q= bool(p)'.

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Now let me print in the next line 'q, type(q)'.

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It is a 'False'.

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[no audio]

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Right.

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Okay, how you are getting 'True' or 'False', I will explain to you

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but before that you are converting one data type to another

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data type, string, integer to string, right or string to Boolean

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also you can convert.

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Okay, now let me give the helping words to convert one data type

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to other data type.

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[no audio]

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So guys in your data types, in your Numbers data type you have -

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int, float, and then complex;

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Strings - str; and then boolean - bool.

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So these are the helping words to convert from one data type

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to another data type, right?

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Let's say, now I can easily explain from terminal guys.

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Let me write 'x=4.6'. Now

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I am printing directly 'int(x)'.

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That is float. Fractional

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part will be removed,

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right. Now I have, let's say 'my_name=' some "python".

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Now you know what is the type of your 'name'.

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Right. I'm printing your name as well as 'type()', your name.

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String, right. Now

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I am trying to convert that string into integer.

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So, how can I convert? Simply 'int()', your variable.

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It is giving an "invalid

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literal for int() with base 10", because, see guys number

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4 if you write inside of quotations that will convert

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as a string,

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but if you remove quotations for "python", because this is the

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alphabets, right, alphabets

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you cannot convert into number but number you can convert into strings.

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So this is a very, very important point.

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[no audio]

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First thing, any data type can be converted into Boolean, first

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thing. This is always true. With the help of simply

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'bool(any_data_type)'

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is maybe 'True' or 'False'.

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So when it will become 'True' or when it will become 'False'?

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So 'bool(empty)' is always

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[no audio]

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'False',

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[no audio]

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okay and 'bool(non-empty)' data

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[no audio]

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is always 'True'.

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Let me give the examples,

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what is empty and what is non-empty. '0',

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nothing right. '0' is nothing.

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So let me show you on your terminal.

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'bool(0)' is always 'False'.

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Let's say I am defining a string which is empty. See immediately

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I started and closed with quotations,

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that is a, that is an empty string.

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And I'm trying to convert that string into Boolean, 'False',

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right. Guys,

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there is one more data type called 'None', nothing.

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So 'bool(None)' is also 'False', and while going forward

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we will see something like this. As of now, don't worry. Just

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observe. This is also empty.

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I am not writing anything inside of your curly braces, right?

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[no audio]

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Sorry, your brace.

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[no audio]

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Okay, so what is that

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we will see. Now for empty

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I am giving example

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[no audio]

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'bool(0)',

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[no audio]

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'bool(None)', 'None' is also one of the data types, nothing,

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'bool([])', some list this is,

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empty list and 'bool()', let me write empty tupple,

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and then 'bool()', empty dictionary.

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So what is the dictionary, tupple list

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we will see. So these all results guys will always give

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output as 'False'. Remaining combinations, if something is there

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and if you convert that into Boolean it will give 'True'.

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So guys, these are very, very important in your real-time.

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While writing our scripts we'll come to know how much importance

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is there with conversion of any data into Boolean,

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okay. Now one more point you have to remember,

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[no audio]

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any data type

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[no audio]

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can be converted

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into a string but reverse is not always true.

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[no audio]

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The reason is number can be converted into string,

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right and string which consists of alphabets, that string

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you cannot convert into number.

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Let's say 'x=', directly I'm writing a string called

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"345". Now "345" is a string.

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So what is the use of writing your number as a string means

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sometimes, you know, you are going to take versions in

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this way. Version is always a string guys.

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You have to take as a string.

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If you are going to work with, in your real time with any

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version please be careful, try to define your

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version always as a string.

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And even while working, while writing your Python Script, right

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to get some version of some particular software

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you will get as a string only.

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That's why try to write your version as a string,

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right. That's fine.

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Now see that. What will happen if I define any number inside

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of quotations, right.

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Now, do we have a number called 2.1.3.5

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in our number systems? No. You have something like

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this but you don't have multiple dots in your number systems.

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That's why you cannot convert whatever the 'x' you are having

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as of now into your, see suppose if I take

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[no audio]

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2.1.3.5 is not a base 10 number system.

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It is something else.

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That's why that you cannot convert into a number.

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But if I take 'x=', some 45. This is a number but you

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represented that as a string because you have written inside

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of quotations, but I can convert that into integer directly

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by writing 'int(x)' because 45 is there

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even in your number systems also, that's why you can convert

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that into integer, right?

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So this is the case for this meaning.

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I mean any data type can be converted into string but reverse

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is not always true.

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Sometimes it is true whenever if the string is a valid number

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system data,

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right. Okay guys, so this is the way how you can convert from

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one data type to other data type and this is called type

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casting or type conversion, okay.

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Okay guys thank you for watching this video.

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[no audio]