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[no audio]

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Friends here

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we are going to discuss about some of these special characters

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of Python, right. To explain this, right,

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I am going to take one simple Python program or Python Script.

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Let me open my terminal first.

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[no audio]

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Okay, I am moving into 'Desktop'. There actually I have a directory

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called 'PythonScripts'.

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So here I am going to write a Python Script name called

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'special_char.py'.

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[no audio]

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First I'm going to write one simple Python

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program. The purpose of that Python program is simply to

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print some information like, "Welcome to python scripting".

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Right. I am going to write that one.

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Let me write it. 'print'

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[no audio]

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"Welcome to python scripting".

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So what you are doing guys? You are simply printing some string,

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okay. So whenever if you want to print a string using 'print'

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statement you have to write your string inside of quotation

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with your 'print', right?

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That's okay. First

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let me save it,

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[no audio]

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and run it. Already

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we know how to run your Python scripts, right?

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So this is your Python Script.

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I am going to run our Python Script in this way.

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Yes, you are getting some output.

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Guys now I want to print output like

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[no audio]

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"Welcome to python scripting",

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and in the next line I want to write, "This is about special

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characters of your python".

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So what I have to do? I need to include one more line called,

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Right. Let me write it one more line.

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So I want to print one more line.

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So I have to use one more 'print' statement.

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So, "We are working with some special characters".

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That's it.

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Let me save this,

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and run it. Before running just see what is your code.

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So this is your code. You are having two lines of Python Script.

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So those two lines are simply to print some string.

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So whenever if you have a 'print', simply it will print whatever

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there inside of your quotations as of now, right.

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Let me run it.

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Yes, I'm getting two lines of information.

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So guys actually you are using immediately two 'print' statements,

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first line 'print', second line 'print'. You're printing information

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with two 'print' statements. Instead of that

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I can use only one 'print' statement,

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I can also print this line,

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I mean this information, right?

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What I will do is, so you know how to comment Python Script lines,

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right. You can skip, you can comment any line.

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Now, I don't want to run these two lines

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that's why I'm commenting. Now,

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I am going to write one single 'print' statement in this way.

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[no audio]

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"Welcome to python scripting", then I am writing

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"We are working with special chars".

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Yes, this will also work and you will get your output, right.

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So before getting output just observe your script once.

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Let me clear our screen. Yeah.

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This is your script output you're getting. But my intention

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is I want to print this information in one line, and this

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information in next line. Here actually we're getting both the

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information in a single line.

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So at that time what I can do is

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[no audio]

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open your script once.

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[no audio]

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From which information you want to print that information

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in the next line, just before that write "/n",

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and save it.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now this is your script.

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We have only one line guys.

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First two lines are commented.

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That means your Python Script won't execute first two lines.

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Now, I am running. You are getting your output in two lines. Now here

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"/n" is the special character, and it is called new line.

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So whenever if you include "/n", after "/n" whatever you are

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having that info you will get in the next line, like this.

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Right. So guys you are having some special characters.

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Let me discuss at least some of them and while going forward

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we will discuss remaining things based on requirements, right.

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See first thing,

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[no audio]

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special characters you have to write always your special

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characters inside of your quotations.

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[no audio]

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Write special chars only inside of quotes. That quotes

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maybe single quotations or some double quotations. You can

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use any one of that, right. Now

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very first one what we are discussing, is this is called

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'New line',

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[no audio]

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right. Now, let me go with the "/b", and this is

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called backspace.

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[no audio]

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See how it is going to work.

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So guys whatever you are having inside of your script that

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thing you can also run from your Python Shell. Just simply

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type on your command line 'python', and then you will enter

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into your Python Shell.

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Let me copy this line and paste it on your Python command

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line or Python Shell, and 'Enter'. See the output.

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Right. Now from here

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I am explaining your special characters.

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So whatever I am going to type here same thing

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you can write into one file, and I can execute.

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I mean you can create one Python Script and you can execute

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it. Let me 'print' simply

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"Hello World". You're getting some output no.

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Now what I am doing is just before your "World"

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I am writing "/b", and see the output. There is no space between

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your two words.

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Right. The reason is "/b" will send your cursor position back, one

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position back.

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That's why after "Hello"

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actually you have a space, right? That space will be removed

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because your cursor is coming back one position.

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That is the purpose of "/b".

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So if I write two "/b", right, because of one "/b" your cursor

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will come back one position, and second one more position

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back, see that.

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'o' is missing. So actually first your python will type

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"Hello", after that because of this "/b" your cursor will come

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to this position, again one more "/b", because of that your

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cursor will come to this "o" position, and from there onwards

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your next word will type.

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If I write three "/b",

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[no audio]

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see the output.

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So your cursor will come back three position,

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positions, and from there

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it will try to overwrite your existing information with the

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new information whatever it is

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there after your "/b".

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[no audio]

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Right. So that is the "/b". Now "/t". "/t" - tab. You know tab. What

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is the purpose of tab, right?

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Let me show you that here, it's very simple.

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So without a tab what is the output, and with the tab

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what is the output? Just you're providing tab space

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in the output. That's it.

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[no audio]

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Right. Fine. Next thing.

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[no audio]

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See guys suppose I want to print information like this, 'print("

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[no audio]

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python's

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[no audio]

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class")', something like that.

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Yes, it's working perfectly, right? Now first observe this

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one. So in your 'print' statements you can also use instead

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of double quotation

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you can also use single quotations.

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No problem, it will work.

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But in this case if I try to write "python's", you will get a syntax

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error. "invalid syntax", you are getting. The reason is,

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so 'print', you are printing some string. String should be there

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inside of your quotation.

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Actually your Python will take this as a starting quotation,

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and this as the ending quotation. Then what about this information?

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So now what you have to do is, this is the starting quotation,

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and this is ending quotation, and you have to escape here.

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Right. Your Python should not consider this as a quotation,

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single quotation. Then in that case you have to write a "\", escape

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symbol "\". Now because of that what it will do is, your Python

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simply will skip this as a quotation. It will take this as

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some letter, some character, and it will preserve in the output.

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See the output.

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Now it is not like a quotation.

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It is like other than quotation some character.

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[no audio]

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Right. Fine. Not only that,

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sometimes you have to write, suppose

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"This is a python class", and you want to write 'python' in double quotations

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[no audio]

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So you know, this is starting and this is ending,

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but between if you have any quotations, right you can escape

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from that simply. As of now if I run you will get an error

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guys. I mean an "invalid syntax" you will get. Only starting

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and ending quotation is for your string. In middle

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if you get any quotations you have to escape from the purpose

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of your quotations. At that time you have to write simply "\" so that

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your quotations will be considered as any character other than

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your quotations. Now see that. Right. Now "\" is for escape symbol.

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[no audio]

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Okay, then.

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[no audio]

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Let me do one thing.

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So I will do one thing guys.

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Let me go with my desktop.

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It may be any folder.

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So here what I am doing is I'm creating a new folder called

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[no audio]

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"new" itself, right. So I am going to create simply "new".

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Then what is the path of this?

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So this is the path, right?

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Let me print this path with your Python. Because that is a

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string I can print it but see the output what you are getting.

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[no audio]

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Right. See guys, whenever if you are providing your path in your

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Python that too only Windows path because in Windows you have

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this "\", but whereas in Linux you have "/",

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so this is the problem. Already

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we know this "\" is for our escape symbol purpose, but in

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your Python, I mean in the path, in Windows path you have that symbol

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Right. Now you have to escape from that symbol.

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So actually, you know to escape from any character you're

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using Escape symbol.

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This "\" in your Python. The same way you can use in your

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Python Windows path also in this way,

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or simply remember that whenever if you are providing Windows

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path, you have to write two slashes manually. If your Python

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script is going to find any path through logic, you don't

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for that you don't need to worry, but if you are providing

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manually some Windows path while working with your Python

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scripts there you have to write two slashes in your path

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then only it will work.

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[no audio]

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Right. So this is very, very important guys. Those who are working Python

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[no audio]

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for Windows,

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okay. If you are working with your Windows using Python,

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so whenever if you are entering path manually, Windows path,

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only Windows path, there is no problem with your Unix Systems

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paths, then instead of "\"

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you have to provide "\\".

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Right.

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[no audio]

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Okay, so guys there is, there are some other symbols

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as well like "\a", it will create an alert sound. Alert sound, right.

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[no audio]

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Okay. So we have some more things. While going forward

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we'll discuss some of other special characters as well.

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So for time being you have to know this minimum special characters

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to work with your Python, right?

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Okay guys, thank you for watching this video.

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[no audio]