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Friends, we have been working with the rules to create your

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pattern. Now already

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we have seen some of the rules to create your pattern.

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Like these are the first set of rules to create your pattern,

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and these are the second set of rules to create your pattern.

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Now, we are going to work with some more rules.

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Now let me take the very first rule,

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is curly braces inside that some number.

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So what is the meaning for this is, exactly two times.

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Now, let me open my editor to get clarity on this usage.

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So I have saved this script as 'rules_3.py'.

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First of all, let me import my 're' module.

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Now just assume that we have a text in this way.

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[no audio]

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"This is a python".

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[no audio]

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and python3".

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Just assume that. Now what is my requirement

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is, suppose if I take my pattern as,

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so guys I am using from

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now onwards 'raw string', simply 'r'.

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Suppose if I try to look for 'python', or even let me remove this.

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[no audio]

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Now let me 'print()',

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[no audio]

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your 're.findall()', your pattern in a given text.

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Now see the result. You're getting 'python' two times, but in 'python'

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at the ending I have 'n' two times. I want to get that, so what I

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I can do? I can write 'n' two times. Now, I am going to get that. Yes.

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Suppose I have a 'python',

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just some character four times then I want to get this entire

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matching, then see that. Suppose

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I want to look for a 'python' such that 'n' is four times,

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I want to look for a 'python' word such that 'n' is four times. If

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it is a word you should write '\b' before, on starting. Do

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we have that? No, nowhere we have 'python'

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with two 'n' word, but we have a word with 'python', 'n' four

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times. Then let me write 'n' four times.

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[no audio]

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Now see the result. Yes, you are getting. But actually here 'n'

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is four times no. No need to write four times your 'n', simply

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write 'n', then ''.

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Now the meaning for this is 'n' is four times. That's it.

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[no audio]

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Likewise you can apply for any character.

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Let's say, suppose

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let me comment this pattern.

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I am writing somewhere suppose simply 'aa'

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[no audio]

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then something

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then in this way.

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Now here also suppose I have 'a', just assume that

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three times 'a', here also three times 'a'.

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[no audio]

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Now just based on our previous rules and current rules

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what I want to do is, I want to get a word which consists

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of 'a' three times.

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[no audio]

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Then first of all I am trying to find the word. Whenever

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there is a word you have to write '\b' at the starting

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and ending. Then between that

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you're looking for a word called 'aaa'.

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Yes, you are getting that. Only one time you are having.

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But 'a' is three times no, why should we write 'a' three times,

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simply you can write 'a', in curly braces

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you can also write three, ''. That's it.

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Now I want to look for a word such that 'a' is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;

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the word which is having,

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[no audio]

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the word with 'a' eight times. That's it.

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Suppose sometimes you may have starting suppose some 'xyz'.

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Now you don't have word with 'a' eight times.

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You have a word with 'xyz', after that 'a' eight times. Then before

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'a' what we have? 'xyz'.

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Now see the pattern what I have taken, 'xyz', after that 'a' eight

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times. That type of word I want to find.

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That's it.

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So that is the use of curly braces with the number. Then ''.

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[no audio]

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See here, if I write it '', exactly two times. If I write '',

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then whatever the character before this curly braces you

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have, that character maybe two times, or maybe three times,

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or maybe four times.

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See that. What I am,

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let me take a new text.

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I will do one thing, I will comment this.

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[no audio]

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Suppose let us say I have a text called

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[no audio]

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'xaz', something,

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'xaaz',

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[no audio]

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Then let's say.

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[no audio]

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'xaaaa', sometimes, 'z', then 'x', 1, 2, 3, 4, let me take three 'z', then 'x'.

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Let me take four times also, no problem.

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Now our understanding is, now I want to find a word such that

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the word should have starting letter is 'x' and ending letter

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is 'z'. First

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let me write pattern for that.

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First of all I'm looking for a word, that's why

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'\b \b', starting and ending you should have space, and then my word

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should have starting letter as 'x', and ending letter as 'z',

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but between this I have 'a'. Now, I need to look for a word

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such that it is 'xaz'.

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Right. First, let me search in this way.

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[no audio]

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'findall', your pattern, in your text.

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Yes, 'xaz' you are getting.

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[no audio]

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Now my requirement is,

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between these two characters 'a' maybe

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one time, or two times, or three times, then simply after 'a'

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you have to write one time, or two times, or three times, or

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four times. That's it.

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Now see the result.

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If you have 'x' after that, between these two characters

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if you have 'a' one time, yes, it is going to fetch that. If 'a'

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is two times, it is trying to fetch that.

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Do we have that? No. Here

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we have, but here this character, 'z' character is two times.

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Now, let me remove one 'z', so that you can get that as well. See that.

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[no audio]

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That's it. So that is the use of your curly braces.

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So exactly for number of times you can write curly braces

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with that number, may be one times or two times or three times

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before your character,

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sorry the character whatever you are looking, then after your

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character you have to write in curly braces '',

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two or three or four times.

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[no audio]

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Then two or more times.

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I don't know how many times 'a' is there between your two characters,

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but I want to search minimum with the two letters, minimum

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with two times 'a', and then maximum any number of times.

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Now see the result.

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Here two times is there, and here some number of times is

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there, here some number of times is there. All are going

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to fetch because two times or more than that, three times, or

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four times, or five times, or infinite times between your 'a' and 'z'.

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Sorry your 'x' and 'z' your 'a' maybe two times, or

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three times, or four times, or infinite number of times. That's it.

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[no audio]

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Now '+', one or more. See forget about '+' from this concept

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if I want to try to look for one or more times

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I can write '1,' in curly braces, ''.

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See that

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'my_pat' is,

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[no audio]

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I am writing 'my_pat' as 'xa', 'a'

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maybe one time or more than that,

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then 'z'. Now see the result.

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You're going to get all your words which are having

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between 'x' and 'z', 'a'.

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[no audio]

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'1,'

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curly braces with '1,', ''. But same thing you can also

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write simply by '+'.

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Guys, whatever the symbol we're using, I am using here, that is

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for your previous character.

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This 'a' maybe one or more times, right. Be clear, 'a' is one or

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more times.

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That's it.

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[no audio]

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'a' is one or more times, but same thing you can also write

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in this way also.

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[no audio]

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Both are same.

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[no audio]

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Now '0 or more times'. See '*' means 0 or more times. Suppose

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if I take any word, which is having 'xz'. There is no 'a', right. As of now

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if I try to look with 'xa', or let me write

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same thing with '+' as well,

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'xa+z'. Now see the result.

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Same output, but my intention is between your 'x' and 'z', 'a' may

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or may not be.

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Maybe 0 times means there is no 'a', or maybe more than that.

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I mean 0 times or more than, more times, maybe one time,

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two times, three times, or four times, then simply

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you can take 'a*'. Now see the result. You're going to get

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this matching as well for that.

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So guys if I write in this way the possible patterns are 'xz',

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because '*' means 'a' may be 0 times or your 'a' is one

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time or your 'a' is two times, or your 'a' is three times, likewise.

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That is the meaning for '*'. '+' means except this first,

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remaining all are for '+'.

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Then the last one is 'once or none', '?'. Maybe one

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time or none time. Not for 0 times or more than. 0 times

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or one time, that is for square brackets. Now see that. Here

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'a' is there one time between 'x' and 'z', here 0 times it is there, but here

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we have multiple times. But if I go with

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I'm creating pattern

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as raw string, r'xa?z'. That 'a' maybe 0 times,

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or one time, once or none.

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That's it. Now see the result.

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Whichever is having 'a' one-time or 0 times, those things

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we are getting. That's it.

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[no audio]

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So the possible words for this is, 'x', '?' means 0

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times, 0 times 'a', 'z'. Then 'x', one time maybe 'a'. That's it.

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These two are the possible words.

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Now these two words

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are there in a given text here and here. So that's why it is fetching them.

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That's it.

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[no audio]

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Right. So guys

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these are the some more simple rules to create your pattern,

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and these are very, very important.

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[no audio]

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See whatever the rule we have here,

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and this rule we are using in your pattern, but make sure

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that whenever if you are applying these rules, these rules

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are applicable for your particular character, not for your entire words.

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See I am using for 'a' this '?' means, this symbol,

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this rule is applicable for this 'a'. Somewhere suppose

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we used here '', now for this 'n',

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not for your entire word, be clear, not for your entire word,

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this is for only 'n' character

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you are applying this concept.

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[no audio]

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Right. Okay guys, thank you for watching this video.

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[no audio]