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[no audio]

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Friends here we are going to

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discuss about the simple functions with arguments.

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Let me explain this with an example.

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Let me open my editor.

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I am taking a script name called

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'function_with_simple_arguments.py'.

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Right. See, I have a small requirement. Just

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assume that that requirement is read a number

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and increment it by 10.

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So, first I am writing without functions concept.

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Let me take 'num=

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[no audio]

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(input("Enter your number: "))'.

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[no audio]

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That's it. Then I want to find 'result=num+10'.

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[no audio]

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Then I want to print that result. 'print("

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[no audio]

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Your result is :",

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something like that.

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You can take anything.

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[no audio]

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That's it. Right. Now,

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let me go to my command line and let me run it. Before running,

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this is your script.

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I am running this script. See the result.

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I am passing suppose some 20, then you have to get your output

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as 30. Yes, you are getting. Now,

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this is a simple Python Script.

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But what I want to do is, I want to convert this entire code

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in terms of functions.

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So, first step what I am doing is, adding 10 to your given

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number and then printing, I am writing under one function.

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Right. So, you know whenever if you want to define a function,

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yes, 'def get_result', that is suppose my function, and under this function

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I am writing these two lines, and finally simply write

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return 'None'. That's it.

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[no audio]

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Now, I am reading the, I mean I want to get my number.

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Yes, I am getting. Right. Now,

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I'm running. I am providing but you're not getting an output.

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The reason is, your logic is there under 'get_result' function,

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but you are not calling that. If you call, then only that logic

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will execute. Now, after reading a number now I want to call that logic.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now, see the code.

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[no audio]

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So, you are reading your number. After that

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you're calling your logic. Now, we will execute. Now, I am running.

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[no audio]

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I am giving some 4, you're getting result as 14.

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Right. Now, actually to read your number, and to execute your

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logic you have two lines. Now these two lines also, I want to

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write under one more function.

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Yes, you can write it.

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Let me do one thing.

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[no audio]

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'my_code', I'm taking. That's it.

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[no audio]

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Right. And I'm running. You're not getting any output.

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The reason is, now your entire logic, reading a number and

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then finding your result, both are there under two different functions,

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[no audio]

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Right. So, in your 'my_code' you are calling your,

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you're reading your number, and then you are calling this function.

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[no audio]

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Now to execute this logic, you need to call this

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function, to execute this logic

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you need to call this function, right.

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So that's why what I am doing is, somewhere I am calling

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'my_code'. That's it.

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Now, instead of 'my_code' if we take it as 'main', that's good.

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You can take any function name, but this is the simple way

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to take your function name as 'main', so that you can easily

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understand that 'main' is nothing

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but, from there you're going to execute your logic.

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So, it's not mandatory to take your function name as 'main',

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but if we take then it's good. That's it.

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Right. Now, previously we've done our code, and we are

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getting our output. Now,

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if I do that you will get an error, that is - 'num' is not defined.

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Why you're getting this error? Where you are getting this

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error? In line number 2.

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What is that? While finding 'result', this 'num' variable is unable

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to find by your Python.

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What is the reason for that?

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[no audio]

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See 'num', now it is there under 'main' function.

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It is one function, right. Under function

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you define a 'num' variable.

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Then this variable is specific to this function.

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How can you access in this way function?

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Now this 'num', this 'num' variable, right is specific to this

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'main' function,

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how can you access inside of 'get_result'?

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[no audio]

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So that's why what you have to do?

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You need to make your variable as global.

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[no audio]

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Now it will work.

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[no audio]

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But making your variables as global is not that much good.

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Whenever if you have a requirement then only we'll do that.

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A requirement means, suppose assume that 'num' variable, suppose

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in my function, in my code

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I have some 10 functions. In all functions

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I need to use suppose

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let's say 'num' variable.

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Then I can simply make it as global,

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so that I can access that 'num' variable in all the functions.

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[no audio]

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As of now, right,

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I need this 'num' variable only inside of my one function,

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'get_result' function.

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That's why, don't make your variables as global whenever if

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there is no requirement.

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If you have some specific requirement, then only we will

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make it as global.

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We will see that situation. Right. So forget about global now.

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Then how you can send your 'num' variable to this 'get_result'

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function? Simple, while calling you just pass your 'num'.

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Now you're passing your 'num' value, right. Now see that.

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I am passing that, right. But if I run that you are going

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to get an error. That is

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'get_result() takes 0 positional arguments, but 1 was given.'

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'get_result' is a function.

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[no audio]

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Right. So here 'get_result' function. Here

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nothing is there, but you are sending one value.

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So whenever if you are passing your variable value in this

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way, here also you should have some variable to store whatever

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the value coming from here.

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That means here we define a variable, right?

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Let me define here also some variable. Then it will match.

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Let me take here also 'num', but you can take any variable.

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No need to take 'num' also,

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You can take any variable like 'value'.

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Right. Now, whatever the variable you define, that variable

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is available inside of this function.

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Right. So as of now, I'm running in this way.

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[no audio]

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Yes. You are getting. But see, while calling you're passing 'num'

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means you are not passing 'num' variable,

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you are passing the value of 'num'. Guys from this line

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only the value will be passed to here, and here we are capturing

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that value in terms of 'num' variable.

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Right. Now what I am doing is I am removing, instead of 'num'

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I am taking a 'value'.

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Now this 'value' variable is available inside of this function.

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Now instead of 'num', now you have to take 'value'.

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That's it. Now see the result.

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[no audio]

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It's working.

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Right. So, if you pass your variables while calling, then that variables

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are called arguments,

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and the variable which is defined in your defined function, defined

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function means 'def' somewhere here

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it is there, no. And this variable is called parameter, parameters

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or positional arguments. Why we are calling them as a positional

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arguments? See, as of now you have only one variable.

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That's why you can't understand

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what is the position.

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Let me take simply one more code.

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[no audio]

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That is just for addition.

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[no audio]

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Let me write. Directly

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I'm writing your logic without functions.

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Let's say number 'a'.

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[no audio]

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"Enter your first number :"

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[no audio]

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Then number 'b',

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[no audio]

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"Enter your second number :".

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[no audio]

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Then I am finding 'result = a + b'.

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Then I am printing the 'result'.

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[no audio]

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"The addition of

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[no audio]

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and is :", your 'result'.

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[no audio]

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Right. First let me run it and see the output.

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I am passing 4 and 5, then you are getting the result as 9.

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Right. That's fine.

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Now, same way I want to find subtraction as well.

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Let's say this is addition result, 'aresult', then subtraction result, 'sresult'

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I am finding 'a-b'. Then I want to print, "The subtraction

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of

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and

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is :",

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'sresult'.

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That's it.

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[no audio]

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Right. 3, 4, you're getting. What happened?

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[no audio]

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Okay, here 'aresult'.

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Yeah, it's fine.

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You're getting. Right. Now, of course

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this is a logic without functions.

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But now I want to convert this into functions concept. So

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reading 'a' and 'b', right, I will do from 'main' function.

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So, I am taking this as a 'main' function. Inside of 'main' function

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I am reading my 'a' and 'b' values.

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[no audio]

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Right. Then

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I'm going to take these two lines, and I want to give the

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name for that as addition, 'get_addition'.

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[no audio]

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That's it. So I am finding for addition here.

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[no audio]

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Same way remaining two lines

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I want to write one more function,

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that is 'get_sub'.

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Let me take these two lines.

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[no audio]

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Let me write finally 'return None'.

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And in 'main' function also we have returned 'None'. Yeah, fine. Now,

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let me run it. No output because now if you observe you have

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three functions, nowhere we are calling any function,

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how it will execute?

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Right. Anyway, our intention is, our starting logic should be from

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here. That's why I need to call this 'main' after

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defining all your functions. Somewhere here

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I am calling that.

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That's it.

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Right. Now see.

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I'm running. Let me do one thing.

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I will remove empty lines.

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[no audio]

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See, this is your logic. Now, I am running that.

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[no audio]

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"Enter number", three, four. You're not getting an output.

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[no audio]

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See, we are reading 'a' and 'b' values. Where we are calling

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'get_add', 'get_result'? Nowhere we are calling.

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That's why you're not getting any output. Now,

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I want to get addition and also subtraction, then I need to

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call those functions, right. But here we'll get an error. But obseve that.

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[no audio]

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While finding addition 'a' and 'b', you are getting

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an error called, name 'a' is not defined. Why? See your

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'a' and 'b' variables are there under your 'main' function.

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That means they're local variable.

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They are specific to this 'main' function. How you can use that

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in 'get_add' function or 'get_sub' function?

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So, if you want to use those variable values you need to pass

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them to that function whenever if you are calling.

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Right. Now, 'get_add(a,b)',

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'get_sub(a,b)'. And variables, whatever the variables

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value you are sending, you need to capture here

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also. That's why in your defined function

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also you have to write 'a,b', then 'a,b'. That's it.

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Right. Now, let me run it.

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I am giving number 4 and 7, see the result.

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[no audio]

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Addition 11, subtraction -3. Now what I am doing is, while

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getting subtraction

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I am passing 'b,a'.

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[no audio]

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So previously you got result as -3 for 4 and 7. Now,

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I am running, I am giving same values, and see the result what

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you are getting. '+3' you're getting

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because we changed the position. See that.

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If we change here position, based on that position only these

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values will be assigned to your, 'b' value now you're assigning

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to 'a', 'a' value you're assigning to 'b', right.

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So based on this position you are getting values here.

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That's why these are called positional arguments or simply parameters.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now you're fine with positional arguments. Right.

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and one more thing,

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we already discussed that

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whenever if you are calling

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function, you're passing 'a' and 'b' variables,

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and we are assigning them to 'a' and 'b'. You need to understand

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here 'a' value will be assigned to this 'a', and 'b' value will

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be assigned to this 'b'. Same way this is 'a' value will be assigned

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to 'a', and this 'b' value will be assigned to 'b', and these variables

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all we are using inside of this, and this 'a' and this 'b'

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not from here, they are from this parenthesis. Be clear. This 'a', 'b'

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are from this, from this place.

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Whatever you define here that variables you can use inside

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of your function.

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Right. And while calling you're passing 'a,b' right.

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No need to take 'a,b'.

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You can take some 'p,q' also.

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Let me take 'p,q'.

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So, you're taking 'p' and 'q'. Now on there are no more 'a' and 'b'.

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Now variables are 'p' and 'q'. Now,

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you have to write your logic in terms of 'p' and 'q'.

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[no audio]

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Nowhere we have 'a' and 'b', we have only 'p' and 'q'. The same way here

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also you can take, no need to take 'a', 'b' or 'p', 'q', you can take

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some 'm, n'. No problem.

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The only thing what will happen whenever if you're calling

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your functions, we are sending the values.

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This first value will be assigned to first variable,

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second value will be assigned to second variable. Here

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also 'a' value will be assigned to 'm', 'b' value will be assigned 'n'.

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Now inside of your 'get_sub', there are no more 'a' and

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'b'. Now you have in terms of 'm' and 'n' your variables.

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[no audio]

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That's it.

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Let me modify completely, and let me run this code. You are

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going to get same results. See that.

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[no audio]

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Right. So be clear. 'a' and 'b' are specific to 'main' function, 'p'

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and 'q' are specific to 'get_add' function, 'm' and 'n' are specific

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to 'get_sub' function.

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Right. While calling in this way

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only the values will be assigned to your variables respectively.

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First value - first variable, second value - second variable.

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That's it.

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[no audio]

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Okay. Now suppose I have directly values called 9 and 10.

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I want to find the subtraction for this.

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Yes, we can find, 'get_sub(9,10)'. Directly you can provide

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your values also.

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[no audio]

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Now, if I do in this way, let me comment these two functions.

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[no audio]

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Now, I'm not reading 'a' and 'b' values. In my hand directly I

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have values 9 and 10.

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Yes, you can call your 'get_sub' or 'get_add' function, whatever it may be.

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Anyway, those two are taking two values - 'p,q' or 'm,n'.

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That's why I'm passing two values, 'get_sub(9,10)'.

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Now, let me run it and see the result.

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We are getting -1. Let me take 19 and 10,

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[no audio]

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or let me define some variable called,

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let's say some 'x = 50'.

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[no audio]

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Now you can pass one value as variable and one more as directly

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value, no problem. It will work.

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Only thing, finally it is going to match the values 19 with

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the 'm' and 'x' value with the 'n'.

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So, what you are mapping? Only values you are more mapping

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here. That's very important thing.

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So, guys, this is a simple way to work with your arguments.

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Right. Okay guys,

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thank you for watching this video.

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[no audio]