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[no audio]

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Friends, here we are going to write

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one more Python script. Requirement

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is, read a directory path and then identify all files and

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directories in the given path.

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See simply our script should read some path, directory

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path. So in that location, in that given path, what are all the

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directories and files are there, right?

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I want to display all those things by mentioning,

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this is a file and this is a directory.

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Let me take one simple location.

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Yeah, see here.

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I have to provide this as a path to my Python script. Then

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my Python script has to display

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'mydir' is a directory, 'New Text Document' is a file,

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'xyz' is a file. Your script is able to identify, it has to display,

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this is a directory, and this is a file, and this is also a file.

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Right. Let me go and write one by one. For time being

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what I am doing is, let me remove one file here just for simplicity

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purpose. Finally we'll write it.

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Let me save it.

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[no audio]

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'read_a_path_and_identify_files_and_dirs'.

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Fine. See here.

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[no audio]

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Guys first thing, we need to read a path, right?

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So to read a path because path is a string, in your Python

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you have 'input' to read any string. "Enter your directory path: ". That's it.

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[no audio]

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After reading that path, first of all I want to display

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all the list of files and directories in the given location.

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Right. If you remember, there is an operation from your 'os'

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module that is 'os.listdir'.

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So now here I have a requirement with 'os' module,

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that's why importing 'os'.

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Now simply I am printing

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'os.listdir', and whatever the path you are providing

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that path I am taking.

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Right. Let me go to

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my command line. From there

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I want to run, because I need to provide this path, right.

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So our script location is in this somewhere. First

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let me open your script.

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This is your script, only we have three lines.

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First line is, you are importing 'os' module. Through second

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line you are going to read from your command line, your path.

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Third line, in the given path

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you're going to list out all the directories and files.

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Let me do it.

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[no audio]

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Right, and I want to provide a path.

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Let me take this as my path.

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And I am providing, see guys this script will work both on your

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Windows as well as Unix-like systems, but while providing path

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on Windows operating system you have to provide '\\'

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in the path. See the '\', we have single

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'\', no, but you have to provide '\\' just to avoid whenever

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if you have some special characters in a path. Right. Only

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whenever if you are providing manually at that time only you have

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to provide. Fine. Now see the output. This path, whatever you're

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providing, that is going to store in this variable, and I am

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listing 'os.path.', 'os.listdir' in your 'path'.

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So in this location, I want to list all the directories and

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files. And this output is a list. See that. Already we have

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seen in our 'os' module explanation

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this is always a list. Now you are getting two files,

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one is directory and one more is file. But my requirement

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is, if I get some values in the given path, I mean some files

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and directories, our Python script has to display,

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this is a directory and this is a file.

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[no audio]

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Right. So, you know, if you know the path, if you know the path of

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your file, then you can find out whether this is a file or

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not using your 'os.path.isfile', 'isdir'.

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You can take any one of that operation if you remember.

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Anyway before going to check whether it is a file or not,

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first of all you should have in your hand your complete

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path of your file or directory.

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Otherwise, you will get an error. Because your script you

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are running from this location, but these files are there

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in a different location.

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Right. See that. Suppose if I do simply.

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[no audio]

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Yeah, one more thing. Before that

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let me store this output into one variable, files and directories,

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files and directories list, 'df_l'. That's it.

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Now, I can also print in this way, right?

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[no audio]

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Right. Let me rerun your code.

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So this is your code.

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Now, I am going to rerun that.

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I am going to provide this path.

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Yes, same output you are getting because of this 'print' line.

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So in this variable, now you have these two things. As of

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now assume that whatever the path you are going to provide,

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in that path you have any two files, or any two directories, or any one

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directory, and one file. Now to identify if this is a file or not,

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and this is a file or not,

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first of all I have to separate this value from this list, right?

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So that's why what I am taking is, I am creating two paths.

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Now, let me comment this line.

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Path 1, let me take 'p1', path 1 '=', from your this list

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index 0 I am storing into 'p1'. 'p2=', from

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your this one, index 1. Right. Now I want to identify whether

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'p1' is a, whether 'p1' is a file or not, file or directory. Guys

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let me do it. As per your output, 'p2' is a file, right?

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See because second value is a file, index 1 value.

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Let me check it first on your 'p2'. 'If', you know in our previous

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example also we have seen 'os.path.isfile(p2)'.

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Then I can say your 'p2',

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sorry, I need to provide here, 'p2', right. We're working on 'p2'. 'p2' is

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a file. 'else', if that is 'False',

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'os.path.isfile',

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maybe 'p2' is a directory or file, you don't know. If you

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know exactly you can say that that is a file,

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otherwise that is a directory, right. Then I can say

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your 'p2' is a directory.

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Let me save it, and go to command line, and then read your

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script once. Let me run your script. Now,

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I am providing some path. See 'xyz.sh is a directory', you're

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getting, but that is not correct.

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The reason why you are getting is,

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[no audio]

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actually 'p2' means 'xyz.sh'.

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Your Python script you're running from different location,

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and your files are there in a different location.

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That's why whenever if you are running any path related operation

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you should get in your hand complete path. As of now

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you don't have a complete path. 'xyz'

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is there somewhere in different location, but I don't have

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complete path for that.

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Right. What is the complete path? Complete path is nothing but, in

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the given location, in this given location your file is there,

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then for this location at the end, at the end if you add

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'xyz.sh', then that is the complete path for this file.

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Right. So that you have to create first. How you can create it?

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See if you remember,

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'os.path.join()', your given path, your file,

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so that you are going to create a complete path for your file.

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See, let me print your path, only path.

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I am printing only 'p2' file.

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Let me comment your remaining code.

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[no audio]

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Now see the output what you're going to get. I am running.

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You're getting complete path for your file,

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no. Once if we get complete path, guys complete path is nothing

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but your given path, in that path

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you are having 'xyz.sh'. That's why if I add these two

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things, you can get complete path. Your 'xyz.sh', and given path,

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if you add those two things, you will get complete path for

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your file. So that you can directly, irrespective of your operating

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system to add two paths you

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can use directly 'os.path.join'. That's what I did.

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Not only for 'p2', 'p1'

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also you have to do. Not only for that file,

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if you have multiple things, for all things you have to do

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in this way only. First of all, you have to create complete

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path for your file.

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[no audio]

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Guys, why I am taking your path only, because that is the

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path you are providing as the input. In that path

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only your file is there. That's why if you add those

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two things, you can get complete path.

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[no audio]

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Fine. Now, run your script. Now,

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I am going to comment your two files.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now see that. As of now

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I have a if-else condition only for 'p2' path.

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Let me verify that whether 'p2' is working perfectly or not.

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This is the path. Yes.

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"is a file", you are getting. Same logic

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I need to apply for 'p1' also, right? Then what I have to do?

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Let me copy this logic once again and try to apply for 'p1'.

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[no audio]

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See that. I am trying to apply for 'p1'.

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[no audio]

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So what will happen? If this is a file, this will become 'True',

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else 'False'. 'False' means, you're going to display this one.

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Guys in your previous script

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we also used 'os.path.exist', but here no need of that

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because if a given path is valid path, then only you are going

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to get list of files, 'listdir' into this 'df_l' variable.

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If you provide valid path then only, right, then only you are going to get it.

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If you want to write effective script here you can apply

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'if os.path.exist'.

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If given path is a valid path, then only I can find the list

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of directories and files in the given thing.

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Otherwise, I can write 'else'. 'else', 'print("please provide valid path")'

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[no audio]

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Right. And one more thing, anyway it's time to give that as

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well. If path is invalid you are not going to get this list.

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If you're not going to get this list, how can you, how can

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you create 'p1', 'p2'?

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You can't create. That's why if this path is not existing,

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you have to print this information and you should not execute

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this code. If you're executing

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this code means, you got your 'df_l' variable.

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Now, you are not getting. If path is invalid, you can't get this,

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because this is false, right?

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Without having your list, how can you use in your code?

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That's why you have to stop your script. To stop your script

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you have a syntax called 'sys.exit'.

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Now we are using 'sys' module, so you have to import that. So

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without 'sys.exit' if I run my code, see the output, how

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you're going to get.

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[no audio]

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You will get an error. See that. Instead of this,

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I am giving, "invalid path". See, if it is invalid path, you are

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not getting 'df_l'.

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If you are not getting 'df_l',

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how can you get from that index zero?

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You can't create 'p1', right. Path one

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you can't create by taking index 0 from your variable.

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If given path is, "please provide valid path", you are getting,

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that means given path is invalid.

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If it is invalid, you can't get this one.

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The reason is, if it is invalid path this will become 'False'.

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If it is 'False', there is no way to create your 'df_l'.

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If there is no 'df_l',

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how can you take 'p1', 'p2'? How can you create 'p1' and 'p2' from

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this 'df_l'?

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You don't have that.

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That's why I need to stop my script.

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[no audio]

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If it is valid path, then only I need to run my script. So

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if it is valid, your 'if' condition will become 'True', this value will execute,

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and anyway if this is 'True', you know that 'else' is going

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to skip by your Python. Now see same code

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I'm running and I am providing invalid path.

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Now, you are not getting any error, instead of that you are getting

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simply, "please provide valid path".

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Okay. It's good because here we got one more concept how

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to use 'sys.exit'. That's fine.

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Now, let me run this code and I am going to provide valid

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path. Now see that, in that path, this is a directory.

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Yes, you are getting through Python, "is a directory", and this

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you're getting, "is a file".

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[no audio]

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Right. Fine.

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[no audio]

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So we are creating 'p1' and 'p2',

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and we are checking one 'if-else' condition for 'p1', path 1, and

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second 'if-else' condition for path 2, and here there is a

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very big disadvantage.

246
00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:40,200
What is that means,

247
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as of now in the given location you have only two files.

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That's why I'm taking path 1 and path 2. Assume that you

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don't know how many files and directories are there in the

250
00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:52,500
given directory path.

251
00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:55,500
Let me do one thing.

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00:13:55,500 --> 00:13:57,500
[no audio]

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00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:00,100
I am deleting this file. Now

254
00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:01,500
I am going to run your script.

255
00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:04,600
Right. See the result.

256
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,400
[no audio]

257
00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:09,800
You're getting an error, "list index out of range".

258
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,100
The reason is, let me print first your,

259
00:14:13,100 --> 00:14:15,300
[no audio]

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00:14:15,300 --> 00:14:18,700
Because as of know, you are having only one item in the given

261
00:14:18,700 --> 00:14:20,600
location. See that output.

262
00:14:20,600 --> 00:14:24,300
[no audio]

263
00:14:24,300 --> 00:14:26,900
Right. Only directory is there, that's why index zero. Index

264
00:14:26,900 --> 00:14:29,800
one is not there. But for 'p2' you're using index 1.

265
00:14:31,100 --> 00:14:32,600
Then your script is wrong, right?

266
00:14:33,700 --> 00:14:36,100
Or else I will do one more thing.

267
00:14:36,100 --> 00:14:38,100
[no audio]

268
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:40,000
I will create some random files here.

269
00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:42,200
Let me create some files here.

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00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:45,100
[no audio]

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00:14:45,100 --> 00:14:51,100
'touch x.txt y.py z.sh', right.

272
00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:54,200
Now I created three files here.

273
00:14:55,500 --> 00:14:58,900
I created three files. Now for the same path once again

274
00:14:58,900 --> 00:15:01,400
I'm running your Python script. Try to understand guys.

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00:15:02,300 --> 00:15:04,100
Now you have actually four

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items in the path, but your script is giving about only two paths.

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00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:11,100
[no audio]

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00:15:11,100 --> 00:15:13,400
Actually you are having four values, right but

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your script is saying only about two information, two items,

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two paths from your given location.

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Then what about remaining?

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00:15:20,900 --> 00:15:22,800
[no audio]

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00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:25,600
Why it is giving only two means, as of now in your Python

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script you have taken care only for 'p1' and 'p2'.

285
00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:33,300
So now you have a problem with this script. If your given

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location is not having two paths, then your script is going

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to give an error, or if it is having more number of files

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and directories in the given location then your script is not

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able to identify all. It is going to identify only two.

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[no audio]

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00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:53,400
That means based on how many files and directories are

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00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:56,300
there in the given location, based on that dynamically

293
00:15:56,300 --> 00:15:59,500
your script has to work. That is not happening with the script.

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00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:04,800
Then how you can do it? Then how you can do it? That's important thing.

295
00:16:06,300 --> 00:16:10,400
Right. Now let me comment this code as of now whatever you have.

296
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I will comment entire code first.

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00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:15,500
[no audio]

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00:16:15,500 --> 00:16:16,300
Be clear guys.

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00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:19,400
It's very, very useful in your real-time concept.

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00:16:19,400 --> 00:16:22,200
[no audio]

301
00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:23,800
I am writing some syntax guys.

302
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:24,800
Don't worry about that.

303
00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:26,400
Just try to understand the output.

304
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,200
I am writing 'for each in [2, 3, 4]

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[no audio]

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00:16:33,100 --> 00:16:35,000
Then I'm writing 'print'. Okay.

307
00:16:36,300 --> 00:16:39,200
Then 'print("hi")'.

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00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,700
First of all, assume that this is like 'if' condition.

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You know, in case if it is 'if' condition, if your condition is

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'True', then you are going to execute these two lines.

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[no audio]

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00:16:50,900 --> 00:16:54,200
If it is 'if' condition, and whatever the condition you have

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00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:57,700
here, if that is 'True', then you are going to execute these two

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00:16:57,700 --> 00:17:01,900
lines once. But this is not condition,

315
00:17:01,900 --> 00:17:03,200
this is called a loop.

316
00:17:03,700 --> 00:17:06,000
This here, 'for', 'for' is called a loop.

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What is the use of loop means,

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be clear, because of this loop

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whatever the values, sorry,

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whatever the lines you have under your loop, those lines

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will repeat some certain number of times again and again

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00:17:21,700 --> 00:17:25,598
immediately. But how many number of times you are going to,

323
00:17:25,598 --> 00:17:29,000
your loop is going to repeat these two lines means, how many

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values you have here that many number of times these two

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lines will execute.

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Right. See that. First

327
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let me run this code and see the output. Here itself

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00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:41,500
I am running. Because I'm not providing any input

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00:17:41,500 --> 00:17:43,300
I can run it from Sublime Text itself.

330
00:17:44,500 --> 00:17:47,200
You have 2, 3, 4, three values in your list, right?

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00:17:47,300 --> 00:17:48,599
That's why "ok",

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00:17:48,599 --> 00:17:52,200
"hi", that is one output, second time output, third time output.

333
00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:58,600
So you have to understand first thing 'for' is some loop. Loop

334
00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:00,700
means, you know, starting point and ending point same, right?

335
00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:03,700
So you are repeating here only, that's

336
00:18:03,700 --> 00:18:05,000
why that is called simply loop.

337
00:18:05,900 --> 00:18:10,700
Okay. Then whatever the lines are there under your loop, those

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lines are repeating certain number of times immediately, first

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00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:16,700
time, second time, third time.

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00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:19,900
Immediately it is repeating these two lines.

341
00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:23,000
But how many number of times? Based on here

342
00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:26,900
whatever you're providing in that how many number of values are there.

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00:18:27,500 --> 00:18:30,200
If it is a list and tuple how many values are there?

344
00:18:30,300 --> 00:18:31,600
You can also write some string.

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00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:33,700
Let me do it string here.

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00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:35,900
[no audio]

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00:18:35,900 --> 00:18:38,600
I am writing simply "Narendra".

348
00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,500
[no audio]

349
00:18:42,500 --> 00:18:45,900
See the output. How many characters are there in a given string,

350
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,500
that many number of times these two lines will repeat again

351
00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:50,800
and again immediately.

352
00:18:50,800 --> 00:18:52,800
[no audio]

353
00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:57,600
Right. Then, actually your syntax is 'for', this is any variable,

354
00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:59,900
'each'. 'each' is there no, that is any variable.

355
00:18:59,900 --> 00:19:03,300
You can take like x, y, z, ,p q, r, or your required variable, or

356
00:19:03,300 --> 00:19:05,800
your name also you can take it. That is simply a variable.

357
00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:08,300
Then 'in' is standard keyword.

358
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You have to write 'in' as it is.

359
00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:14,900
So here you can write a list or tuple or a string also.

360
00:19:16,200 --> 00:19:19,200
Right. For time being what I am writing is, I am going to write

361
00:19:19,900 --> 00:19:22,000
a list of values, four values

362
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,200
I am writing. Then these two lines will repeat four times.

363
00:19:26,100 --> 00:19:27,200
No need to write two lines.

364
00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:30,300
You can write 100 lines, or I can write simply one line

365
00:19:30,300 --> 00:19:32,600
also, no problem. Just for our understanding purpose now

366
00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:33,600
I am writing.

367
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:35,300
"Hello". Only one line

368
00:19:35,300 --> 00:19:39,500
I am writing. Now this line will repeat again and

369
00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:42,300
again immediately four times because you have four values

370
00:19:42,300 --> 00:19:49,200
here. Observe the output first. Yes, you are getting. Now you

371
00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:51,700
defined somewhere variable called 'each', right. Then

372
00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:52,900
what is the use of this?

373
00:19:53,100 --> 00:19:56,300
Actually, that is very, very important. Whether you

374
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are going to use that inside of your for loop or not,

375
00:19:59,100 --> 00:20:02,800
that is your wish. You can also use that in case if you have

376
00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:07,300
a requirement. And one more thing guys, you are repeating this

377
00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:10,200
lines, right, the lines which are there in your loop, if you

378
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,300
repeat once then that is called one iteration.

379
00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:16,200
One iteration.

380
00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:20,100
So now you can say here we have four values,

381
00:20:20,100 --> 00:20:24,500
that's why your loop is iterating four times or your loop

382
00:20:24,500 --> 00:20:27,500
is repeating four times the lines which are there under your

383
00:20:27,500 --> 00:20:32,600
for loop. As of now, you have only one 'print' statement,

384
00:20:33,500 --> 00:20:37,100
and in case if you want to use this variable inside of your

385
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:39,200
loop, you can use it. See that. What I am doing is,

386
00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:41,500
("hello", variable), right?

387
00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:45,500
You can print the variable value by using in this way. Now if

388
00:20:45,500 --> 00:20:50,100
I run this, how it is going to execute? We know four times it

389
00:20:50,100 --> 00:20:52,100
is going to execute because four values are there.

390
00:20:53,300 --> 00:20:56,000
Immediately it will execute four times. Do that. Suppose.

391
00:20:56,000 --> 00:21:01,700
I am writing here "before loop", and I am writing here

392
00:21:01,700 --> 00:21:03,600
'print("after loop")'.

393
00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:06,200
[no audio]

394
00:21:06,200 --> 00:21:09,800
So between these "before loop", "after loop", 'print' statements

395
00:21:10,100 --> 00:21:12,500
this line will repeat four times.

396
00:21:13,900 --> 00:21:17,000
Right. First observe the output, how many times it is going to repeat?

397
00:21:18,100 --> 00:21:22,400
"before loop", "after loop", between that you are getting four

398
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:26,000
times your 'print("hello")', but you are getting 'each' value as

399
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:27,700
different. Whenever it is repeating

400
00:21:27,700 --> 00:21:32,400
first time, first iteration 'each' is value 2, second iteration

401
00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:37,400
3, third iteration 4, fourth iteration 5.

402
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,000
[no audio]

403
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:43,400
Right. Then how your Loop is working with your variable

404
00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:44,400
called 'each'.

405
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:50,500
Nothing is there guys. How your Python is going to execute? As of now

406
00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:54,200
in your script you have only four lines, sorry three lines. Main

407
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:59,600
lines are three. Main lines are three. They are, let me take it one by one.

408
00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:02,800
[no audio]

409
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:05,800
This is first line, second line, third line.

410
00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:09,600
But this line is under your loop, under your loop, this

411
00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:12,100
'print' line. Right. Fine.

412
00:22:12,300 --> 00:22:15,700
Then how it is going to execute means, anyway whenever if

413
00:22:15,700 --> 00:22:19,300
you run your script it will execute from top to down. So this line

414
00:22:19,300 --> 00:22:22,000
will execute first, because of that you are getting this output.

415
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:26,200
Then whenever there is a keyword called 'for' then your Python

416
00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:29,200
will assume that this is a loop, and your Python will decide

417
00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:32,300
that I need to repeat some lines some number of times.

418
00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:36,100
So as of now under your loop you have only one line. Now your

419
00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:38,100
Python will decide that this line

420
00:22:38,100 --> 00:22:41,200
I have to repeat some number of times, that number of times

421
00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:44,000
are how many values you are having here.

422
00:22:44,900 --> 00:22:47,000
Right. But how it is going to execute?

423
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:49,800
So whenever there is a for loop,

424
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:53,600
'for' keyword, immediately your Python will look here,

425
00:22:54,900 --> 00:22:58,000
how many values or how many characters if it is a string.

426
00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:00,300
As of now we have a list, right?

427
00:23:00,300 --> 00:23:03,300
Okay, four values are there. Then your Python will take first

428
00:23:03,300 --> 00:23:07,900
value first, and this value it will assign to this variable, then

429
00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:11,700
after assigning whatever the lines you have under your loop

430
00:23:11,900 --> 00:23:17,200
those lines will execute once. No while executing what I am doing?

431
00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:19,500
I am printing 'each' variable also. Then currently what is the

432
00:23:19,500 --> 00:23:21,100
'each' variable? 2 value. That's it.

433
00:23:21,100 --> 00:23:22,300
That's why you're getting this one.

434
00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:28,100
So first iteration is over. Then your Python will immediately

435
00:23:28,300 --> 00:23:32,500
after completion of first iteration, 2 is going to store 'each',

436
00:23:32,500 --> 00:23:33,800
then you are repeating this.

437
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:37,400
I mean your Python is executing this. Then after completion

438
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:40,800
of this line your Python will go and check immediately the

439
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:43,100
next value. Now, whatever the next value

440
00:23:43,100 --> 00:23:46,200
is there again your Python will assign to your 'each' only.

441
00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,000
Now your 'each' variable is 3. After assigning next value

442
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:51,000
to your 'each' variable,

443
00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:53,900
again your Python will execute the lines which are there

444
00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:54,900
under your loop.

445
00:23:55,800 --> 00:23:58,400
But while executing you are printing 'each'. Now currently what

446
00:23:58,400 --> 00:23:59,700
is the 'each' value? Second value.

447
00:23:59,700 --> 00:24:01,000
That's why you're getting this one.

448
00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:05,300
Okay, second iteration is also over.

449
00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:10,500
Then your Python immediately will go for third value. Third

450
00:24:10,500 --> 00:24:11,500
value is 4 no.

451
00:24:11,700 --> 00:24:15,600
Now this 4 we'll assign to 'each' variable. After assigning

452
00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:20,000
third value to 'each', then this logic will repeat third time,

453
00:24:20,300 --> 00:24:21,400
and while repeating third time

454
00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:22,600
what is your value? 4

455
00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:23,800
That's why you're getting this one.

456
00:24:25,100 --> 00:24:28,400
Then it will, Python will look for fourth value.

457
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:32,300
Yes, 4. Then 4 we'll assign to 'each'. Then we'll execute once.

458
00:24:32,300 --> 00:24:34,900
While executing you are printing 'each' also. That's why we're getting

459
00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:40,400
5. Then again your Python will try to look for next value

460
00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:43,500
in the given list, but you don't have next value. Already

461
00:24:43,600 --> 00:24:44,700
four values are over.

462
00:24:45,100 --> 00:24:48,500
That's why your Python will come out from your loop and will

463
00:24:48,500 --> 00:24:51,800
execute the next line, which is the main line in your Python

464
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:55,900
code. If four values are over then the execution part of this

465
00:24:55,900 --> 00:24:58,800
line is over. Then your Python is going to execute this

466
00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:00,200
one. That's why you're getting this line.

467
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:02,600
[no audio]

468
00:25:02,600 --> 00:25:06,900
Right. So now if you have a list of values

469
00:25:08,100 --> 00:25:10,200
from that automatically

470
00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:14,000
you can take one by one value and you can print it using your loop.

471
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:18,800
Now this concept I am going to use for our task. How means,

472
00:25:19,300 --> 00:25:23,300
how means, instead of writing this logic, see first of all

473
00:25:23,300 --> 00:25:24,500
let me copy this code.

474
00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:30,300
So previously you are taking only 'p1' and 'p2', only two paths

475
00:25:30,300 --> 00:25:32,800
you're taking but you know in the given path you may have

476
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:34,200
any number of paths,

477
00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:35,600
I mean files and directories.

478
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:37,200
That's why don't fix.

479
00:25:37,700 --> 00:25:40,310
You don't know about that path, in that path

480
00:25:40,300 --> 00:25:42,300
you don't know how many files are there,

481
00:25:42,300 --> 00:25:43,500
how many directories are there.

482
00:25:43,700 --> 00:25:46,000
How can you say only two paths, 'p1' and 'p2'?

483
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:50,400
That's why what I am doing is, right,

484
00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:52,200
let me comment this logic as well.

485
00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:53,700
This is simple for loop guys.

486
00:25:54,300 --> 00:25:55,500
Okay. We have different ways.

487
00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:58,100
We will see all those loops in the next section.

488
00:25:58,100 --> 00:26:00,500
[no audio]

489
00:26:00,500 --> 00:26:02,000
I am importing 'os', then

490
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:06,100
I am reading some path, after reading path, right, I am getting

491
00:26:06,100 --> 00:26:08,000
a list of files and directories.

492
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,500
[no audio]

493
00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:16,700
Let me take lengthy variable, 'os.listdir', your

494
00:26:16,700 --> 00:26:17,700
given path.

495
00:26:17,900 --> 00:26:21,900
Now, you know, the result of this operation is always a list.

496
00:26:21,900 --> 00:26:25,300
That means this variable is a list. If it is a list I can

497
00:26:25,300 --> 00:26:28,900
take one by one from that using for loop. See that, what I

498
00:26:28,900 --> 00:26:33,300
am doing. 'for each_file', I am taking. See previously I have taken

499
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:35,800
only 'each' while explaining about your loop, but now I am

500
00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,500
taking 'each_file'. Based on situation

501
00:26:38,500 --> 00:26:42,400
you can take any variable. Now, from this variable list of

502
00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:44,200
things I am going to take one by one.

503
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,400
So in that you may have files and directories, but I am taking

504
00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:50,500
'each_file'. Instead of that 'each_file_or_dir' you

505
00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:54,600
can take, but don't take this lengthy, this type of lengthy

506
00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:56,300
variable. Okay. For understanding purpose

507
00:26:56,300 --> 00:26:59,700
I am taking 'each_file_or_dir' from this.

508
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:07,500
Right. Now you have to understand that how many times this

509
00:27:07,500 --> 00:27:10,700
loop is going to execute this 'print' statement.

510
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:15,200
You don't know how many times it is going to execute. It is

511
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,400
going to execute based on how many values you are fetching

512
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:20,700
into this variable. This variable result

513
00:27:20,700 --> 00:27:23,100
you are getting from 'os.listdir'.

514
00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:28,700
That means you are getting these values. Where it is? Where is your

515
00:27:29,500 --> 00:27:31,800
Yeah, this values.

516
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,400
So indirectly you can assume a list of values in place of

517
00:27:35,400 --> 00:27:37,700
this 'list_of_files_dir'.

518
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:42,200
So what your Python will take? It will take first value from

519
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:45,000
this and it will assign to this, and then we'll execute the

520
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:48,600
lines which are there under your loop. So I have only one

521
00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:51,600
'print' statement that will execute. Then your Python will try to

522
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:55,300
take next item from this file or directory, and it will store

523
00:27:55,300 --> 00:27:59,500
into this variable and we are printing that. That's why dynamically,

524
00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:03,900
automatically you are going to print all your files or directories

525
00:28:03,900 --> 00:28:07,000
from your given location. Now, you don't need to bother, you

526
00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:08,000
don't need to worry,

527
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:12,100
how many files are there, how many directories are there. Automatically,

528
00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:14,800
your Python is going to take care with the help of your loop.

529
00:28:16,300 --> 00:28:20,000
Right. Now, let me go and run your code. Before that

530
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:21,300
let me open your code.

531
00:28:21,300 --> 00:28:23,100
[no audio]

532
00:28:23,100 --> 00:28:24,700
See this is your code simply.

533
00:28:25,700 --> 00:28:27,400
I am going to provide some path.

534
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,700
Let me do one thing. I am going to remove all empty lines.

535
00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:35,500
[no audio]

536
00:28:35,500 --> 00:28:37,500
Let me clear our screen once again.

537
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:39,800
Yeah, this is your script. Right. Now

538
00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:43,600
I am going to run your script, and I'm going to provide a

539
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:44,800
path called 'new'. Now,

540
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:49,300
see the output. You are able to display one by one file from

541
00:28:49,300 --> 00:28:54,200
your list of values. If you want to see the list of values

542
00:28:54,200 --> 00:29:00,000
you can print that as well. 'print("all files and dirs")'.

543
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,300
You don't know how many files are there and directories are there,

544
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,400
but that value automatically you are getting with 'os.listdir'

545
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:12,000
into a variable called 'list_of_files_dir'.

546
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:13,600
Now see the result.

547
00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:15,500
[no audio]

548
00:29:15,500 --> 00:29:16,800
First of all, you are getting this one.

549
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:20,500
From this list automatically your Python is going to take

550
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:23,600
with the help of for loop one by one value, and we are printing

551
00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:24,700
that one by one value.

552
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:31,100
But my intention is not displaying simply your one by one value.

553
00:29:31,100 --> 00:29:33,600
If it is a directory I want to display here,

554
00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:34,500
"This is a directory".

555
00:29:34,500 --> 00:29:35,700
"This is a file. "This is a file".

556
00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:40,200
"This is a file". But before going to display, before going

557
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,800
to check whether that is a file or directory always, not only

558
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:45,500
here, wherever you are using

559
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:49,700
you should able to fetch complete path first.

560
00:29:50,900 --> 00:29:56,500
So that's why what I am doing is, before printing I'm going

561
00:29:56,500 --> 00:29:58,900
to create one variable called 'path'.

562
00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:04,200
Let me take file or directory path, file or directory.

563
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:06,000
I don't know whether that is a file or path.

564
00:30:07,100 --> 00:30:11,900
Right. See your given, if you add your given path to this

565
00:30:11,900 --> 00:30:13,100
'each_file_or_dir',

566
00:30:13,200 --> 00:30:17,400
so that you are going to get complete path, right. So directly

567
00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:19,400
you can print it, but I am storing into one variable,

568
00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:24,900
then I will, 'print(os.path.join)', your given path,

569
00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:26,600
in that location one by one file

570
00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:29,400
I am taking, and I'm adding that one by one file for your

571
00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:32,100
path. Then I am going to print.

572
00:30:32,100 --> 00:30:35,400
[no audio]

573
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:37,900
Okay. So guys for your understanding purpose what I am

574
00:30:37,900 --> 00:30:42,900
taking is, this value I am taking. Okay. And I am copying directly

575
00:30:42,900 --> 00:30:44,400
that into your script.

576
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:48,100
So instead of this 'list_of_files_dir' actually

577
00:30:48,100 --> 00:30:51,600
you are getting that output as in this way. Just for, just to

578
00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:56,000
give you the clarity. Right. Now assume that you're providing

579
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:57,500
path as something called,

580
00:30:58,600 --> 00:31:01,000
this one you are providing, right?

581
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:05,100
Let me take directly that also in your script. Again, I will remove this.

582
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,600
Anyway finally we'll run our script. Now forget about your

583
00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:12,500
previous logic. Now see here,

584
00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:14,800
this is a path and in this path

585
00:31:14,800 --> 00:31:15,900
we know, assume that

586
00:31:15,900 --> 00:31:19,300
we know these are the list of values or items.

587
00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:22,100
Now, what I am doing is I am going to take one by one from this

588
00:31:22,300 --> 00:31:25,600
'for each_file_or_dir'. What your Python will do?

589
00:31:26,400 --> 00:31:30,100
This first value it will assign to this variable, and the lines

590
00:31:30,100 --> 00:31:32,800
which are there under your loop, those lines will execute

591
00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:37,400
once. While executing what we are doing? I am taking one variable

592
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:40,100
and with the help of 'os.path.join',

593
00:31:40,100 --> 00:31:44,200
I'm adding this path, see that, I am adding this path.

594
00:31:44,300 --> 00:31:49,500
Then first time your file is 'mydir'. then 'mydir' I am adding here,

595
00:31:50,900 --> 00:31:53,500
so that I am going to get for this complete path.

596
00:31:54,700 --> 00:31:57,200
Then you are going to print that. Second time you are going

597
00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:58,200
to take this one,

598
00:31:58,300 --> 00:31:59,800
but again you are adding for your path

599
00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:01,400
only. Your path is your given path.

600
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:05,400
So this path, then this file is going to give you complete

601
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:11,000
path. Likewise you are going to get path for all the files,

602
00:32:11,300 --> 00:32:14,000
right? So actually what is the variable here we have taken?

603
00:32:14,100 --> 00:32:18,900
Let me. Dynamically you have to to work it.

604
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:21,400
That's why don't fix any values here.

605
00:32:22,600 --> 00:32:24,900
But internally you have to assume that these values are a list.

606
00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:26,700
Then remove this one.

607
00:32:26,700 --> 00:32:28,800
[no audio]

608
00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:31,200
That is your logic, right?

609
00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:34,200
If you want to check your script just this is your script

610
00:32:34,500 --> 00:32:37,700
from here to here. Now I am running,

611
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,500
and I am providing a path. Now see the output. For each and

612
00:32:42,500 --> 00:32:44,900
every file or directory you're getting complete path.

613
00:32:44,900 --> 00:32:46,900
[no audio]

614
00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:50,900
Right. But simply instead of printing in this way,

615
00:32:50,900 --> 00:32:53,700
if it is a directory I want to print, "This is a directory",

616
00:32:53,700 --> 00:32:57,500
if it is a file I want to print, "This is a file". Now inside

617
00:32:57,500 --> 00:32:58,700
of your loop itself

618
00:32:58,700 --> 00:33:05,300
I am going to add 'if' condition. 'if os.path.isfile',

619
00:33:05,600 --> 00:33:13,300
your file or directory. If it is a file I can say 'f_d_p'

620
00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:14,900
"is a file".

621
00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:18,300
'else' if that is not correct,

622
00:33:18,400 --> 00:33:21,500
that means that is not a file. That is not a file means then

623
00:33:21,500 --> 00:33:26,700
you can say that that is a directory, no. "is a directory". That's

624
00:33:26,700 --> 00:33:31,400
it. Save it and run it. But before going to run you have to

625
00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:33,400
understand once again your entire code.

626
00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:38,600
This entire part you are repeating for each and every value

627
00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:41,000
which is there in a list. List is this one,

628
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:45,000
no. This is a list. You're taking one by one and for that

629
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:48,100
one by one you are finding complete path. With that complete

630
00:33:48,100 --> 00:33:53,000
path you are executing this 'if-else' block. 'if os.path.isfile',

631
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:54,000
for your complete path,

632
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:57,500
if it is a file this will execute, then your first iteration

633
00:33:57,500 --> 00:33:59,000
is over for first value.

634
00:34:00,100 --> 00:34:02,700
Then you will take second value. For second value you are going

635
00:34:02,700 --> 00:34:03,800
to get complete path.

636
00:34:03,900 --> 00:34:04,100
Again.

637
00:34:04,100 --> 00:34:07,400
Again you are checking 'if-else' condition. In case if 'isfile'

638
00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:09,100
is a 'False', then you are printing this one.

639
00:34:09,699 --> 00:34:11,800
Then second iteration is also over. Likewise

640
00:34:12,100 --> 00:34:17,000
your for loop is doing this action for each and every file

641
00:34:17,100 --> 00:34:20,500
so that finally you are going to get dynamically, for any

642
00:34:20,500 --> 00:34:24,300
number of files and directories you are able to identify

643
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:29,000
the list of files and directories. See the output. "is a directory"

644
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:31,199
you're getting. "is a file" you are. Not only this path,

645
00:34:31,199 --> 00:34:33,000
now you can provide any path.

646
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:34,900
Let me take some other path.

647
00:34:34,900 --> 00:34:37,100
I am going to take suppose this as my path.

648
00:34:37,100 --> 00:34:40,800
[no audio]

649
00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:43,699
Run. Provide your path. Guys

650
00:34:43,699 --> 00:34:44,500
this is Windows,

651
00:34:44,500 --> 00:34:46,900
that's why I am providing '\\'. Same script

652
00:34:46,900 --> 00:34:48,900
you can run on your Unix-like systems as well,

653
00:34:49,600 --> 00:34:53,500
it will work without any error. In case if you are getting any error,

654
00:34:54,300 --> 00:34:55,199
anyway you won't get it.

655
00:34:55,699 --> 00:34:58,400
If you have any challenges, just let me know so that I will

656
00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:01,900
give the complete script to work with your Unix as well.

657
00:35:02,300 --> 00:35:04,600
But without any doubt it will work. See the result.

658
00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:09,199
In the given location, first of all you're having this many

659
00:35:09,199 --> 00:35:12,000
number of files, maybe directories or files.

660
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,400
You don't know which is a file and which is a directory, assume

661
00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:19,100
that. Then your Python is able to form complete path. The path

662
00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:22,900
whatever we are giving, from that your Python is able to add

663
00:35:22,900 --> 00:35:25,500
this path. Then it is giving - "is a file", "is a file", "is a file",

664
00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:27,900
"is a file", "is a file", "is a file", "is a file".

665
00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:28,699
That's what it is working.

666
00:35:28,699 --> 00:35:31,800
[no audio]

667
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:32,800
Right.

668
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:35,000
That's it.

669
00:35:36,100 --> 00:35:41,400
So guys this entire explanation is just to understand your

670
00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:42,600
loop concept.

671
00:35:43,500 --> 00:35:48,300
Okay. See I have taken this example but my intention is not

672
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:51,200
to develop this script, to give your loop concepts.

673
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,700
So here I have given over all idea. In later sections

674
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:59,100
I will give step-by-step again your complete loop how to use

675
00:35:59,100 --> 00:36:01,600
that, what is the complete syntax, in which scenario you are

676
00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:03,500
going to use which loop, all those things

677
00:36:03,500 --> 00:36:06,600
we will see. We have two Loops. One is for loop.

678
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:10,300
We have seen that. Next Loop is while loop. Along with that

679
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:13,200
to control your loop actions you have

680
00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:18,200
some 'break' and 'continue' keywords. 'break' and 'continue'.

681
00:36:19,100 --> 00:36:23,500
So this also I am going to explain with the help of examples

682
00:36:23,500 --> 00:36:27,700
only. I won't go directly, and I won't give your syntax, and

683
00:36:27,700 --> 00:36:30,500
I won't write your code directly by using your loops.

684
00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:34,000
I will take a situation, then so that you can easily understand

685
00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:37,600
what is the purpose of that, why we need it, right?

686
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:39,600
Okay. Okay guys,

687
00:36:39,700 --> 00:36:41,000
thank you for watching this video.

688
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:51,520
[no audio]