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Friends, here we are going to

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work with 'os.walk'. See this 'walk' is

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a method from your 'os', and it is used to generate directory

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and file names in a directory tree by walking.

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See simply in case if you are familiar with Unix-like systems,

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and if you know 'find' command, right, suppose if I run something

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like 'find path -name *',

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let's say some

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'.txt',

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[no audio]

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so what it will do? Your 'find' command

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will recursively look for text files from the given path.

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Means, assume that you are giving a path like this something

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like, some 'xyz' user you are giving. Then first

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it will look for your text files in this path.

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Then if there are any directories, let's say I have a 'dir1',

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then automatically your 'find' command will create a path

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called '/home/xyz/dir1', and in that also it will try

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to look for text files. And assume that in 'dir1'

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also you have some directories,

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let's say 'sub1', then in that location

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also it will try to look for '*',

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I mean any text files.

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So from the given path it is going

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to look for some text files recursively, that means all

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the possibility paths whatever you have inside of your path,

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recursive paths, in all those paths

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it will try to look for your '.txt' files. That's fine.

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So the same way you're going to work with your 'os.walk' as well.

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But in case if you don't know about 'find' command, don't worry,

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here we are going to discuss about it.

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Guys, let me take some path.

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I am going to take a path called, let me take, yeah, this is a path.

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Okay. Now, I'm going to write a simple Python script.

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[no audio]

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Okay. Let me write any script name.

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I have given script name as 'os.walk.py'. Okay,

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'os_walk.py'.

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Let me take a path called,

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this one. Right.

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Just now we copied. We know we are working with the Windows,

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we have to provide '\\' in your path,

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otherwise because of special characters you may get error.

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Right. Fine.

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Now let me directly print your

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[no audio]

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'os.walk', then your given path, and we are using here 'os' module,

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so before using it you have to import it, and it's better to

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import at very first line. That is actually better practice.

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Fine. Now, I am running. You're getting some output, and this

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is a 'generator' object.

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You can also convert your object into list because this output

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is finally going to give a list.

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That's why I am trying to convert this as a list. Now see

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the output what you are getting.

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[no audio]

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First of all from your given path Python is generating a

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list which consists of tuples, and each tuple consists of

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three values. Be clear.

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'os.walk' is always going to generate a list, assume

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that. Actually that is a 'generator' object, but you can convert

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that into a list. Now, it is very easy

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if you remember in this way. 'os.walk' is going to

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generate a list first, and that list consists of tuples.

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See that, this is a tuple no, and that tuple consists

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of three values. First value is always the path which you have given,

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and second is a list, third is also a list, and

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this list is list of directories in the given list, in the

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given path. In this path, the list of directories you will

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get here. Here you will get the list of files in a given directory.

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Automatically your Python is separating,

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right, your list of directories and list of files for your given path.

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[no audio]

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Right. Let me take other path.

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So I am going to take a path called suppose, 'programming',

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[no audio]

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some different path, in that path

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I have only files, right?

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Anyway I have only one file. If you want to create one more

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file, let me create 'x.txt', 'y.py', something like that.

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Now you have three files here.

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Okay. Instead of 'scripting',

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let me take different path. Now

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I am going to run. See the output.

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Still you don't have any directories, but you have files

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in the given location.

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Now your Python is able to identify them.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now, let me take one directory here.

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[no audio]

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Let me create directory,

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some 'hello' directory. Right. Now in your 'programming',

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you have a directory. Right.

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Okay. Let me run it and see the output.

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[no audio]

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You're getting two paths. One path is your given path. Be clear.

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This is what your 'os.walk' is walking, doing.

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In your given path

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you have one directory and three files. That is over,

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whatever the path you are giving. But your Python will recursively

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search from there onwards.

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See, because 'hello' is there, if I add 'hello' path to this path,

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then you can create one new path.

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That's what Python is doing.

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Automatically this 'hello' is going to add to your given path.

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The new path it is adding no. New directory path is there.

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Now in that new directory path

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it is going to list directories and files.

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As of now we don't have anything.

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Let me create one more directory and see the result.

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[no audio]

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Sorry, that is a file, right?

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Let me create one more directory, it's already there.

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Yeah.

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[no audio]

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Oh. Okay fine.

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Now let me rerun and see the output.

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Guys, if you observe clearly for your given path,

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first of all your Python is giving this as your path, and

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in that path the list of directories, and then in this path

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list of files. That is over with one step. But if you add

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these two directories to your given path, what will happen?

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New directory path will be coming up.

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So yes, you are able to form new directory paths.

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Now Python will automatically form that, and in that

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if you have any directories and list, it will list out. Right. The same way

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it is forming two paths with 'byee' one path,

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'hello' one path. Suppose inside of your 'byee', or 'hello'

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if you have one more directory, let me travel into my 'hello',

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as of now we don't have anything here.

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Right. What I am doing is, first I am going to create a file called,

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'hello.py'.

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'hello.txt'.

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Right. See, previously with your 'hello' directory path,

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you don't have any files here, right. Now,

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I have files, two files, right. See that. Now, let me run our

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script and see the result.

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Now you've got two files automatically.

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[no audio]

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And here I don't have any directories.

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Let me create a directory,

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'hello1'.

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[no audio]

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Now see the result. You're going to get one directory here,

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at the same time because this is a directory, this directory

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your Python is going to add to this path, and it is going to

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form a new directory path,

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that means all possibility paths

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it is going to form automatically the path which you have

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given from that. See that, 'hello' directory,

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'hello1' directory, in that two files. But this directory

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if you add to this path, then you are able to create new directory

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path. That's what Python is doing

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when it is giving a list of files and directories. But we don't

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have anything here. Likewise,

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if you give any path, from that path your Python is automatically

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forming all possible paths, and each and every path

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it is going to provide list of directories and list of files.

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Now assume that, observe that, whatever the output you are

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getting that is a list. Be clear.

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Basically, this is the list symbol, right. In that list

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if you observe, you have a tuple, this is a symbol, right?

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And this is up to this one only.

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This is the first tuple in a list, and this is the second tuple,

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and this is a third tuple, fourth tuple.

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See if you have a list, right,

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you can take one by one using your loop.

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That's why what I am doing is,

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instead of printing in this

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way, okay, otherwise I will do one thing.

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I will keep this as it is. Again,

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I will apply for loop, 'for each in' your

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'list(os.walk

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(path))'.

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Let me print your 'each' and see the output.

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Try to understand.

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See guys, let me differentiate them.

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[no audio]

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See in your first output, 'os.walk(path)', directly

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I am printing. In that this is first tuple value.

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In your list this is the one value. I am able to separate them using for

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loop. Same way second.

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Now I am printing separately your tuple values from your

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list. And one more thing because this is a generator you

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are converting that into list just to see and to understand

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by you, but Python can understand that without converting

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into a list. Now see that, I am removing this list.

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List operation I am removing. And if I run, see the output.

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Same output, means Python can understand that

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what is there inside of your generator?

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Actually, that is a generator object, right. Python can understand

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that. That's why you're getting this all possibility tuple

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values. So you are getting four tuples. Right. Fine.

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Now, let me comment your 'print' statement, and observe the output.

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Four tuples you're getting, right. Guys in each tuple

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if you observe you have three values - one is the path, and

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second one is in this path

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what are the list of directories, and third one is in that

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path what are the list of files.

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Yes, you are getting, right. Now,

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if we have three values in your tuple, let me show you that.

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[no audio]

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Try to follow step-by-step.

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Let's say I have a tuple called in this way.

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'x=(3, 4, 5)'. Then if you print 'x', we are getting in this way.

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But '(3,4,5)' directly

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I can assign to three variables, and see the 'y' value or 'z'

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value or 'x' value.

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You can unpack your tuple directly into a number of variables,

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but while assigning in this way the values which you have in the tuple,

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the number of values should be the number of variables so

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that you can unpack.

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Now what I am doing

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is, if you observe your output in your script,

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the first one is some given path, right, or assume that

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this is a root path.

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I mean, whatever the path you are giving that's just assumption,

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root path. Then in that path, directories list,

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in that path files list.

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So now this is a tuple, whatever the value you are printing

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using your for loop, each and every value is a tuple.

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Now, what I am doing is,

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[no audio]

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directly here itself I'm unpacking. See instead of 'each'

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what I am taking is your root path, directories list, and then

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files list. You can also take lengthy variables.

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I don't want to take in this way like 'root', 'dir_list',

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'files_list', I don't want to take this lengthy variables. Simply

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I want to take like root, and these are not the fixed variables.

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You can take any variables.

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[no audio]

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That's it.

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Now if I print all these three you are getting your tuple. Right. Now,

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what I am doing is, I am printing only 'r', then you can expect

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from each and every tuple you're going to print this first

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path. That means all the possible paths you are printing

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Let me run it and see the output.

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You're printing only all possible paths.

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Now I want to print each and every path,

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what are the files list, only files list. The path, in that

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path what are the files. See that 'r, f'. That's it.

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If you have, you will get it. If you don't have, it won't display that.

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Now I want to get each path, in that path only directories list.

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See that.

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[no audio]

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Fine.

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Okay. If it is fine, now let's come back with again files.

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[no audio]

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See the output. The path from you, guys

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first of all you're getting your given path, in that path

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list of files.

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I have one more option here.

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[no audio]

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'topdown =

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'False', and in this case, what is the output, just observe that.

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You are reversing your output.

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So your Python is going to get from bottom to top values.

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By default it is always 'True'.

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'topdown' is 'True'.

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Even if you write no problem.

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Even if you don't write no problem. See if you write you're

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getting suppose 'bye', 'ok' first. That is by default. If you want

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to make it as 'topdown' as 'False'.

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I mean, I want to get output from down to 'false'. In your directory

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structure, suppose assume that this is a given directory. In that

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you have some number of directories and then number of files.

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Again in this you have some directories

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and files. Again in this directory you have

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some number of directories and files.

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So this is top-down. In this way

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your Python will look by default. In case if you want to print

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your paths from down to top, then you have to make it

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'topdown' value as 'False',

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so that your Python will give first this list, then come back,

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then come back, then your top. That's it.

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But it's not, I mean not a required method. If you want

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you can mention this option, right?

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That's fine.

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Okay. Now you are getting your path, in that path

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you have your files.

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Right. Now I want to print the path which consists of some files.

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I don't want to print all the paths which are not having

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files. Then what I will do? See that. 'if len(f)',

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if it is not equal to 0, if it is 0 I don't want to print,

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if it is not equal to 0 then only print. See that, you are

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getting only two paths which are having your files. Previously

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you got four paths, right, but now you're getting only two paths. Because

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I have given a condition,

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print the files, print the path and files which are having,

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I mean the path which are having some files.

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So what I am doing is, now first of all you know you are able

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to find your list of files in a given path.

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Then I'm finding length. If length is not equal to 0 means

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you have at least one file. Then I am printing that.

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Right. Fine. Now

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I don't want to print, I don't want to print my files as a list.

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I want to print my files one by one.

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First what I am doing is, I am printing my root path.

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Right. Now let me print first separately your files. Guys,

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I'm going with step-by-step. The same way you just practice,

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and observe the output.

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I am getting my root path,

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I mean for these two files whatever the path is there. Then

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for these files, whatever the path, path and it's files I am getting. Now,

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I want to get, I want to display one by one file under

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your given path.

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Nothing is there. You can take for loop here again.

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'for each_file in f',

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just simply print your 'each_file'. See the output.

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[no audio]

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Now what I want to do is, I want to get complete path for my each and

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every file. It's very, very important.

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I want to get each and every, each and every file

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I want to get complete path. See guys if you clearly observe,

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in this path only you have your files, right. If I add this path

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to your 'each_file',

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you're going to form complete path.

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So this scenario is very, very important in your real time.

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Nothing is there. Directly you can print 'os.path.join',

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your root, then your file.

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[no audio]

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It's very simple. See the output.

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You are getting your root path in that, I mean root path,

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now I am getting complete path for my each and every file.

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Right. Just for your differentiation between different paths

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I am writing here hyphens.

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Now see the output.

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This is your main path, in that the files, but I am getting

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with complete path.

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That's what actually I need. It's very, very important. Then

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second path and in that path I have list of files.

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Right. Fine.

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So guys, whatever the concept we've done in this video,

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this is applicable even for your Unix-like systems.

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Okay. So in next video, we will see with practice,

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with real-time practice.

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Okay. Okay guys, thank you for watching this video.

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[no audio]