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[no audio]

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Friends here we are going to discuss about 'os.path' module.

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Actually, this 'os.path' is a sub-module of 'os'. Let me open my

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command line. I'm going to open my Linux terminal. So here let

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me enter into my Python 3 terminal, right. So here I am going

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to 'import os'. Now you know, you can see the list of operations

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with your 'os'. Now if you see, somewhere you have 'os.path', right.

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Let me go and see that. 'os.path'. This one, right. This is the

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sub-module of your 'os'. So I want to see what are the operations

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are there with 'os.path'. So you can do it once again

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in this way, 'os' directory are operations on your 'os.path'.

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See that. You're getting some of the operations from your

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'os.path', right. And this 'os.path' sub-module is used

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to work on path, like you know whether particular path is there

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or not, whether that path is the directory or file path, right,

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what is the size of that, when it was created,

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what is the access time,

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what is the modified time, right, whether it is a soft link

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or not. So in this way to work with your path we are using

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'os.path' module, right. Let me go with some of them. First thing

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'os.path.sep'. We know 'os.sep'

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is also having your OS separator information. The same

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way 'os.path.sep' is also your operating system

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separator, right. Let me do one thing. Simply print 'os.path.sep'.

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You are getting your separator of your operating

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system, right. Then next one, 'os.path.basename(path)'

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First of all let me do one thing guys.

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[no audio]

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Suppose I'm going to take

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[no audio]

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a path called '/home/ec2-user',

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and then some, okay, let me simply copy this path, and I'm going

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to enter into my Python terminal, or you can also open some

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script, no problem.

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Let me do it, this thing otherwise 'vim os_path.py'. I am going

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to import first 'os' module, right, then I'm going to take a

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path in this way guys. I don't want to again and again type

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this path, that's why I'm storing my path into a variable called 'path'.

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Now what I want to do is, see guys 'basename' means, right, see

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in this entire path, let me show you that first.

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'print(os.path.basename(path))'.

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See the output what you are getting.

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Right. Let me save this and run this with your Python 3.

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See the output, right. See, in your given path, basename means

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this is, what is your exact last ending value in your path?

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It may be directory or path, right. You have one more thing,

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that is, let me print now 'os.path.dirname(path)',

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that means whatever the file or path, complete path you

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are providing, in that path

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what is the directory name?

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I mean, first let me run this. Before running this

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let me open your script once and then I'm going to run.

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So actually you are running a script to know what is the

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directory name of your path.

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See guys, if you take this is the path.

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This is called directory name for this file.

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Right. See the output. You're getting that one

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only. 'basename' means this part

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you are getting, directory name means you are getting this

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path. So this is very, very helpful whenever

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if you are installing some packages.

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[no audio]

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Right. Fine.

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Then what is the next one, 'os.path.join'.

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So this is used to join two paths.

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Suppose guys, just assume that you don't have this 'os.path.join' operation.

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Now what I want to do is, I want to add two paths.

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Guys, let me enter into my Python terminal.

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So before going to enter.

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Let me do

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this. Now I'm going to enter into Python.

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Let's say I have two paths.

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Path one is suppose '/home', then path two

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I'm having some 'ec2-user'.

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[no audio]

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Now I want to add these two paths.

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You know these two are strings, you can add it.

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Like if you remember you can add two strings in this way.

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String one plus string two.

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Right. See the result?

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Yes you are getting. But these two are the paths. Between these

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two paths you should have path separators as well.

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That means manually

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you need to add your path

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separator. 'path1 +', your path separator of your operating

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system, now I'm working with Unix operating system

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that's why I need to do,

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I need to provide this '/', if it is Windows

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other '\' you have to provide, right, then 'path2'.

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In this way you can get it.

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[no audio]

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But whenever if you are writing a script

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in that you are doing,

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you are adding some two paths.

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But based on operating system you need to provide slash.

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But if you take this one, I mean

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let me take import 'os'.

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Let me print now 'os.path.join',

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just I am providing 'path1' and 'path2'.

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I am not giving the separator to add these two paths.

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Python will take care based on your operating system.

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See that I'm not giving this '/' no. By default

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your Python is providing that '/'.

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If it is Windows, it will provide different slash.

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If it is Unix it is providing this one.

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So automatically your Python will add by providing your path

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separator between two paths.

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So it is very, very important guys, adding two paths. See,

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two paths are strings.

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You can also add your strings in this way.

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But whenever if you are doing in this way based on the operating

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system you have to provide your slash.

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But if you take 'os.path.join' Python will take care

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about your separator.

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That's it. Simple no.

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Then 'os.path.split'.

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See whatever the path you are having in your hand, right,

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if you split that, it is going to split the path name into

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a pair which consists of head and tail.

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I mean, let's say somewhere we have path, right?

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Let me take this path. Assume that this is a path. This is

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a path. So in this path this is called head, and this is called

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tail. See if I do simply 'os', let me print the result directly,

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and guys you can also assign this operation's output into

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some variable. 'os.path.split()', your path,

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whatever the path you are having in your hand.

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See the result. You are getting a tuple which consists of

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head and tail. Now this operation output you can assign you know, this

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is you know 'path.dirname' output. This is 'basename' command output.

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You have done this, right. 'basename' and then 'dirname', that's

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what it is giving. 'split' operation is going to give 'dirname',

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and then 'basename' outputs. Fine. Now, just get the path size,

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I mean whatever the file you have in your hand,

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I want to get the size for that. See 'os.path.getsize()' is

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the operation. See, nothing is there. You don't worry. Where

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these operations are there? 'dir(os.path)'

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It will give a list of operations. From that I'm taking some

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of them for time being.

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And by default this operation will

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give your result in terms of bytes.

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Right. See what I'm saying is, don't need to remember all these operations

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just have a glance once here. So from this I'm taking some of them.

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[no audio]

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Right. Sorry, not 'os.sep', right, 'os.path'.

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[no audio]

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That's it.

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Fine. Now, next one is, 'os.path.exists()'.

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See guys, just assume that you are going to start some application,

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to start some application

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you have some command for that application on your operating

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system. So to start that application I need to run some particular

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file, but before going to run make sure that whether it is

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there or not. If it is not there you can't do anything, right.

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That's why just for 'if' condition purpose, right, you can use

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this one, 'os.path.exists()', your path. If really your

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path is existing, guys our path is, I stored somewhere 'path'

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as this one. If 'test.py' is there, then only I can run it. Yes,

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you are getting 'True'. See what I am saying is, I can write

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a simple Python script. In this I am taking in this way.

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'if os.path.exists(path)', your given path, then I can say, 'print(

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"your file is there")'.

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[no audio]

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Right. See let me run it. 'else', else if that is 'False' then I can say

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that print this, let me print it.

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[no audio]

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"is not present

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[no audio]

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on this host". That's it.

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Right. Let me run it once.

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[no audio]

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'python3', script. Yes, you are getting, "your file

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is there". What I'm doing is, I'm just going to modify my path

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value, something like that, 'ec2-user' is there

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no, I'm removing some 'e' letter.

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Now, that is not a valid path on my host.

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Now if I run that, see, "is not present on this host". Yes, it is

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not present. So to take some decision based on your file

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with 'if' condition this is also helpful.

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Right. Then, see given path maybe file path or directory path.

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You can check it. 'os.path.isfile()'. In case whatever the path

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you are providing,

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if that is the file path then this value will give output as 'True'.

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Then if it is a directory path then 'os.path.isdir()'

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will give that output as a directory.

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Now see that, what I am doing is, I want to decide.

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I want to decide whether the given path is a file or not.

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Then what I will do?

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Let me comment all these lines.

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Right. I'm going to comment all these lines.

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Now, I'm implementing a simple script that is,

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'if os.path.isfile()',

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whatever the path you are having in your hand, then I can

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say that, 'print(

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[no audio]

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"is a file")'.

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That's it. 'else',

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if it is not a file we have only one other option, that is

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'print("

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[no audio]

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'print("your path is a directory")'.

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[no audio]

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That's it.

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So I can use only 'isfile',

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and I can decide.

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Because if it is a file, then 'os.path.isfile' will become true.

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Then you are going to display this line.

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Right. See the output. Yes.

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Now what I am doing is, I'm going to modify your path.

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I'm going to give up to directory.

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[no audio]

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Right. Now, see the result what you're getting.

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"is a directory", you are getting.

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Yes, it's a directory. Previously you got file,

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now it is a directory. See now, to check that I can use either

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'isfile' operation or 'isdir' operation in your 'if' conditions.

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Then, 'os.path.islink()'.

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See, you know sometimes we have some soft links, right.

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Let me check it,

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is there any soft link?

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[no audio]

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No. Let me do one thing.

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I'm going to create a soft link,

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'os.path'

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I'm going to create 'myos', something like that.

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Now see that. Now 'myos' is a soft link, right?

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I want to check that with Python, whether it's a soft link or not.

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Simply import your 'os'.

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You can also write your script. I'm doing from command line.

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Right. See. 'print

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(os.path.islink)',

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then just provide your

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suppose, 'myos' file, or you can also provide complete path.

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As of now, I am in the same location

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that's why I'm not providing complete path. Yes, true.

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But what I am doing is, 'os.path.islink',

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I am providing suppose

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'os_path.py'. This is not a

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softlink. This is simply a file, right?

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That's why we're getting output as 'False'.

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So based on this True and False I can tell that this is a

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soft link and this is not a soft link by using 'if' condition.

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Right. So, guys, these all are some of the

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operations from your 'os.path', and which are very, very helpful

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in your real time. Along with that you also need access time,

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right, some creation time, modified time.

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So these times you

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can get from your 'os.path'. 'os.path.getatime'.

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But to understand these three operations you should be good

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with some time module of your Python. So after discussing

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time module once again we'll come back to your 'os.path',

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and I will explain about these three operations.

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Right. Okay.

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Okay guys, thank you for watching this video.

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