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- So let's talk about apt.

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Apt is the Ubuntu
equivalent to yum and dnf.

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It's the Ubuntu software manager.

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Apt is a newer replacement
of older utilities

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like apt-cache and apt-get.

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In older versions of Ubuntu,
you had apt hyphen whatever.

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Now there's a main interface,

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and this main interface is just apt

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followed by the functionality
that you want to perform.

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Now like yum, apt was
developed to work with packages

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in an intuitive way.

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So apt repositories are defined
in /etc/apt/sources.list,

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and there's also an option
to work with drop-in files

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that you would store
in /etc/apt/sources.d.

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Now how do we work with apt?

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Well, first you need to make sure

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that the local list of packages is updated

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to the most recent version of packages

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by using the apt update command.

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And you can use apt search
to search for packages.

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The apt install command is
what you are going to use next,

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and that'll install the package.

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Now you will notice if you
install packages with apt,

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if a package contains a service,

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then it will be started
and enabled automatically.

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So you don't have to deal

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with the systemctl command separately.

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You can use apt upgrade
to upgrade packages

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or even apt dist-upgrade,
that's dist hyphen upgrade,

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to upgrade your entire
distribution to a new version.

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Sometimes packages are
installed as dependencies

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but no longer required.

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Apt will tell you about it.

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And then you can use apt
autoremove to remove them.

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And finally, if you are
looking for a specific package,

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then you can use apt-cache
search on a filename.

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That will show you packages
that contain a specific file.

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It's kind of the
equivalent to yum provides.

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Let me demonstrate.

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All right, so the first
thing I'm going to do

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is sudo apt update.

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Sudo apt update, make sure that
we update the package cache.

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In this procedure, it's
contacting the repositories,

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and it is making sure that
the most recent index files

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from the repositories are fetched,

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so that we can easily install packages,

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and we have all the
information that we need

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available locally.

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You can see that apt update

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is automatically analyzing
for me what is going on.

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And it even makes a suggestion,

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that is use apt list --upgradeable,

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because there are packages
that seem to be upgradeable.

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So all of this is what I can upgrade.

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I'll tell you, I will do the
upgrade in just a little bit.

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All right, let's go start
and use sudo apt search

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to search for packages
based on nmap, for instance.

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Now what do we see?

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We see too much information
right here, honestly.

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I mean, let's pipe it through wc.

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I like wc, that's word count.

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101 lines, who is ever
going to read 101 lines?

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Does it help to have a look
only at the top of the output?

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And there we see that doesn't even help.

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I'm looking for my nmap
package, but I can't find it.

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So let me do a sudo
apt-cache search on nmap,

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which is going to search in the apt cache,

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and which is producing a list of packages

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that is a lot easier to work with.

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So I have the nmap
package, and that is okay.

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Let's install it, sudo apt install nmap.

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And that'll install the
nmap package for me,

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including all of the dependencies.

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You can see right here,

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following new packages will be installed.

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And of course I want to continue,

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because that is what I've
been asking for, right?

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So there we go.

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Now one other thing that you
might want to do frequently

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with apt is sudo apt upgrade.

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So sudo apt upgrade is upgrading packages.

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Only one megabyte, that is doable.

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So let's do it.

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And it'll upgrade these packages for me.

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Especially if you are not in
the LTS version of Ubuntu,

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or in my case, I'm in
the daily build version

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of the Ubuntu 22.04, then it is useful

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to do upgrades and do upgrades a lot,

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so that you have access to the
latest and greatest software.

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Do keep in mind, though,

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that doesn't always
match the security policy

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used by companies.

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Some companies need to verify the packages

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before any upgrades can be done.

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All right, and with that,

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I think we've seen enough about apt.