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This lesson is about adding and extending

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disk using logical volume management.

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Now, why do we need to extend a disk. So

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if we have a disk already in our system,

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in our Linux system, and let's say if

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that disk becomes full, it's 100%, so

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you have this disk that is mounted on

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/oracle. And the disk space of that

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oracle is one gigabyte. And now after,

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let's say, six months or a year, the

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database administrator comes back to you

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and says, Hey, I need more disk space

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for /oracle. Because we've been

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doing a lot of work, the productivity

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has been increasing every day, the data

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is increasing every day. So of course,

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eventually, the databases gets bigger

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and bigger. So /oracle gets bigger.

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So what options do you have? Well, we

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can look at a few options. Number one

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would be like delete some of the older

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files to free up disk space, right?

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That's what the basic thing is. So if

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you have your room that is fully

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cluttered, and you don't have a room to

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walk around, what do you do? You take

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out the oldest stuff and throw it away,

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right? I hope so alright. Okay, so the other

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options that we have is, add a new

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physical disk and mount it to slash

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oracle2, meaning that if you have a

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physical system, then you could add a

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new disk in this physical system, if and

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only if, you have the slot, an extra slot

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to add an extra disk to that physical

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system. If you have it, perfect. You

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could partition it, you could configure

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it at your RAID level. And then you can

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mount it on slash or /oracle2, or

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if you have a virtual environment, which

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is the perfect scenario. And that's why

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I love virtual environment, because you

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don't really have to actually pull your

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server out, open the top and add a new

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disk. So if you have a virtual disk, all

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you have to do is go to your VM and add

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a new disk. And it takes literally a few

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seconds to do that. So, and then, once

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you add that, you do the same thing /oracle2.

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Now I want to extend my /oracle,

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I don't want to create another

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partition or other another mount point

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like oracle2, then what do I do? Well,

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you will be out of luck, if you had not

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used LVM initially. If you have, then

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my friend you are in luck, then you

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would extend your /oracle through

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logical volume manager. So no matter how

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many disk you attach, external disk or

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internal, this doesn't really matter,

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all you have to do is create a partition

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of the disk, and then attach that disk

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within the same group that you created

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for /oracle mount point. Now how

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does it work? Let's get into our Linux

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machine and we'll find out. Now before

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we get into a Linux machine, let's add,

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let's assume that we don't have a disk

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space. And we want to add a new disk to

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our virtual machine. So let's go to our

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[No audio]

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our machine powered off, of course, make

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sure it's powered off every time you

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have to add a new disk or add resources.

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Go to Setting, go to Storage, and then

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you will see you have three disks. The

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first one you have is about your own

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Linux operating system disks that you

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created initially, I think it's like 10

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gig. The second one you have is about

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the data disk, and the third one we added

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oracle, dataoracle which is one gig. So

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let's click here, and you will notice

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right here, the virtual disk size is one

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gig, but of course it is running out of

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space, we could extend it. Now remember

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one thing, other virtual environment like

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enterprise level VMware or even Oracle

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or Redhat virtual environment, you will

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be able to extend this disk space right

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here by right clicking and clicking on

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extend disk, but I believe since this is

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a PC version, personal version of

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virtual environments, you cannot extend

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that. So what do you have to do? You

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click on your Controller, add a new

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disk, Add Hard Disk, Create new disk, VDI,

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Next, Dynamically allocated, Next, and

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the Name, you could just name the same

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way as the other one, dataoracle, and

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put one here because of course sorry,

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you cannot name the exact same because

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it will conflict. So now this is the

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second disk. You know what, it's better

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you put 2, so this way it's easier to

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differentiate the first one and the

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second one. So this is a two, and I want

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to give it another extra one gig. Select

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one gig, and click Create. So it has

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created two disks. So basically what we

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are doing here is, we are combining

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Oracle data, sorry dataoracle with our

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dataoracle2. So that is done, now click

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OK, go ahead and hit power on or Start.

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[No audio]

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Okay, so we have logged into our Linux machine. Go

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ahead and become root. Now, let's run

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the df -h command, and the disk

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space or the partition that we are

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trying to extend is this right here. So

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if you look at it right now, this

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partition is mounted on /oracle.

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And the disk size is 997, which is like a

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1 gig, used is 33 meg, and available is

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965. Now, we are assuming, that right now

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the usage is instead of 4, it's 100%.

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So once we are going to add additional

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disk space to it, instead of 997

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megabyte it would become two gig. So let's go

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to our command fdisk -l, let's

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pipe it to more, and let's see what are

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the disk we have available, /dev/sda,

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which is the root disk, where we did

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installation, sdb is where we did, we

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created our data disk, then we have sdc,

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which is the Oracle disk that we used.

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So now we should also have the new one,

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which we just created with the label sdd.

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So let's see, hit Enter.

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[No audio]

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See, you're here,

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you're just have to be very careful,

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because sometimes it throws so much

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information on the screen, you can't

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really see where your disk is, anyway, so

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that's the disk, sdd, this is our new

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disk with one gigs. And now we're going

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to do, we're going to partition that

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disk, the same way we partition any other

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disk whenever we create a new one. So to

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partition the disk, you run fdisk /dev/sdd.

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And this is going to

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be your new disk, hit n for new, p for

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primary disk, hit Enter for default, or

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just hit one, whatever you like, hit 2048,

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or just hit enter to default. Hit enter

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again for default value, p for permission,

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you will see right here it says Empty.

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As soon as I assign 8e to it, it will

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see Linux LVM so hit t again, and l again,

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and you'll see this is a list of all the

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available file types that are assigned

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to it. So we just pick 8e again

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for Linux LVM, hit enter again, and now

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you'll see Linux LVM. Now this is the

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system that's using its type of file

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it's going to be assigning it to. Now you

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hit w to create that partition. So that

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partition is created, the partition is sdd1,

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you could do fdisk again, hit l

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and do pipe it to more, and you will see

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sdd1. So right here sdd1 it is

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created, perfect. Alright so now you

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could just reboot the system real quick.

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So it is updated to in the system again.

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[No audio]

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Okay, once you have your system back

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online, you will log back in and become root.

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[No audio]

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Do fdisk -l again, and this

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time just type /dev/sdd1, just to make

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sure it's there. It's there. Now it's

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time to extend the file system slash dev

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/dev/mapper/oracle_vg-oracle_lv.

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We are extending this one.

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So the file system gets bigger. So first

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we do pvdisplay, this will show us

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which group is associated with

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which disk. So our concern is right here,

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this one sdc1, and it is associated

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with group oracle_vg. You could

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also run pvs, it will also give you the

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same, pretty much the same information,

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this disk is associated with this group.

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So we want to add a new disk within this

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group. And once we add that new disk

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that we created, sdd, then we will

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extend the group and we will extend the

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logical volume as well. So, let's do vgdisplay,

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and let's do on our oracle_vg,

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this is our group. So you

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will see it also tells you the volume

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group size is worth 1020 megabytes,

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which again, of course is one gig. So

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now let's create physical volume. So

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pvcreate /dev/sdd1 because

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we always have to create physical

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volume. So, it is successfully created.

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Now we do in vgextend, we are extending

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the group with, what is a group name,

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oracle

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[Author typing]

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_vg, and we are associating that

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to /dev/sdd1.

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[No audio]

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Okay, so now it is extended with that

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disk partition because if you just say

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vgextend oracle_vg, it

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will say hey, I will extend it, that's

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fine. But which disk I should leverage

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on or step on or include that disk

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within me to extend, so you have to

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define that the disk is /dev/sdd1.

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Okay, so now that is done.

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Now let's do logical volume extended. So

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logical volume extent is right here. So

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you have to specify the size, which is,

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the command is -l, and plus the

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size so 1024, which is one gig, so just

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put meg here, and then you specify /dev/mapper,

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[Author typing]

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which is right here.

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[No audio]

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What I would do is, I will just move that,

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go up to our fdisk command, and I will

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just copy this entire thing. So I won't

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make a mistake, because this is the

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logical volume that eventually we want

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to extend. And now we come down and

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paste it right here. Okay, so now we

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have extended and it says logical volume

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oracle_vg/oracle_lv

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successfully resized, awesome. Let's

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extend the file system and the command

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to extend the file system is xfs_growfs.

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And then you hit Paste, hit enter, and that should

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grow your filesystem. df -h, and now

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you will say /dev/mapper/

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oracle_vg, 2 gig, 33. oracle is now

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two gig. Remember we had it one gig, now

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is two gig. That's how you extend a file

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system. Once you extend it, you go back

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to your Oracle guy, tell him you have

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added a new storage to your existing

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mount point, you did not have to create /oracle2.

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[No audio]