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File Transfer. There are many commands

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that are used to transfer files from one

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computer to another. As long as your

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computer is connected in the network,

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you could transfer files or directories

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from one server to another. Some of

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those commands are FTP, which stands for

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File Transfer Protocol. This is one of

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the old legendary commands that are used

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in many different operating system. It

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is still used in Linux, Windows and Mac,

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and in many other operating system this

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command is used. Next one, we have SCP,

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which is a Secure Copy Protocol, and

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then the next one is rsync command.

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This command is mostly used by system

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administrator to perform files backups

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from one system to another, they could

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schedule those commands through cronjob

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to copy all those sync, rsync files.

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So let's look at a few of these commands

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in our Linux environment. Here we have

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our Linux machine. And I'm logged in as

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myself. So when you want to copy a file,

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let's say I wanted to copy a file that

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is called myfirstfile, the first thing

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I have to do is type ftp, and the

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machine name that it is going to, which is

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the destination server.

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[No audio]

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Okay, so as an example, to FTP, a file

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from your server to another server, I

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have logged into my Linux machine as

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myself, and we'll see who you are,

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you are yourself. So before you try to do a

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transfer, just see if you could ping

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Google, because without internet, you

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won't be able to transfer any file. Now

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I could ping Google, it means my

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computer is on the network. Now, where

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do we have to transfer and what do we

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have to transfer. Now of course, you do

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need a server that is running FTP

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daemon, meaning your server, your

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client, and the server that you're

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trying to connect should have FTP daemon

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running and the daemon name is vsftpd.

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For this training, we do not have

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an extra external FTP. So we will try to

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connect to the Redhat FTP server just

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for training purposes. So the command to

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run is ftp ftp.redhat.com.

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And you will see, as soon as you are

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connected, it will ask you for the

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password, for the username and a

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password. So you provide the credentials

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that are given to you by the Redhat

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support. So when you enter the password

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and username, then you will enter the

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command put and the file name, and

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that's how it will be transferred to, to

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the to the FTP site. Now, if you're

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trying to transfer to a server that is

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not running the FTP daemon. So let's say

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in our environment, we have ps -ef.

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And we'll grep for ftp, and you will see

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there is no FTP daemon running, right. So

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as a training purpose, we will

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try to trasfer FTP to our own server.

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And our own server is localhost or the

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name of our host, which is MyFirstLinuxOS. So first, if you

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ping MyFirstLinuxOS, you will see

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you are getting reply right. So

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it means you are connected to your own

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machine, of course, let's clear it out.

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And now try to do ftp MyFirstLinuxOS,

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and you hit enter, you will see it

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says, connect, ftp: connect: Connection

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refused. And why is that? Because my

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server, or my Linux machine is not

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running the daemon and the demon is the

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one that listens to the incoming

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traffic. So anyway, this is how you run

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the ftp command and you transfer the

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files, and again, the purpose of doing

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FTP is if you have an issue with your

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system, and you're troubleshooting it and

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you involve support, whether it's Redhat,

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or CentOS, or Windows or whatever

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the support that you have involved, they

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would ask you to send the logs and they

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will give you the FTP server account

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information and credentials. So you

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would have to run ftp command to send logs over.

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[Author typing]

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The other command that we

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wanted to cover is SCP. Now SCP is

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basically copying a file from one

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machine to another. And of course it has

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S in front of it, so it means it's copying

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it securely. So let's take an example of

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a file that we want to transfer. Let's

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see which directory we are in. We are in

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our home directory. And let's say I have

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a file called right here, lalaland. So

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I want to take this file, copy it from

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machine A to machine B. Now, of course,

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we don't have machine B where we want to

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transfer. So we will use our own machine

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and pretend that it's a remote machine.

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So the way it works is, we will do scp

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lalaland, which is the file that I'm

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trying to copy over. So where am I

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trying to copy over? I'm trying to copy

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over to another machine, remote machine.

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So we are pretending the remote machine

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is, which is our own machine, of course,

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MyFirstLinuxOS, and then you put

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colon, which is, first is the hostname

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slash, where are you copying it to? So

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let's say I wanted to copy it to my

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home, my user directory and the

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directory you want to copy to let's say

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seinfeld. seinfeld is a directory I wanted

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to copy that file into that folder. So

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once you have that command, hit enter.

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And it says could not resolve hostname

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MyFirstLinuxOS. Oh, yeah, because

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I have misspelled first, these are the

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types of things that you probably will

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have to troubleshoot. You hit enter, my

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MyFirstLinuxOS, it's still not coming up.

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So what we do is, we'll just take out

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this part. So I'm just gonna, what I'm

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going to do is, I'm going to copy this,

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and I'm going to paste it, and then hit

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enter. Okay, so it is saying that

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connect to host myfirstlinuxos port

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22: Connection refused. So it is refusing

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a connection. Why is it refusing? Not

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sure. But let's try to do localhost.

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[Author typing]

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Yes, so you put in the password, of

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course, your own password because you

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are logging in as yourself on the

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machine as well. This is your own

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password. So once you put in the

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password, you will see it says lalaland

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100% completed, seven bytes, and did right

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and it's point five kilobytes per

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second, this is the amount of time it

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took to transfer. So it did transfers.

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Now let's verify if seinfeld directory

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has their lalaland file in it. So which

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directory I'm in? I'm in home/iafzal,

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let's go to seinfeld. And now ls, do

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ls -ltr. And you'll see, yep,

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right here. It says lalaland. There you

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go. Just to confirm, let's do

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/etc/hosts, myfirstlinuxos. So it has

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192.168.1.14. Okay, so now I know.

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So this one, I have hard coded my

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hostname with 192.168.1.14, and I'm

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sure why didn't work because, my IP

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has probably changed by now. So it's

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probably hitting some other devices in

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my network. And you see, yes, now my

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Linux machine is 1.13. And the

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reason I was not able to connect because

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1.14 is probably one of my other

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laptop, or my iPad or some other device

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in my home network that got that .14

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IP. And when I ran the scp command, it

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was actually going to that device.

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Perfect. It was a very good example. Now

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you guys learn as well that how

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important the /etc/hosts file is.

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I'll go ahead and modify that, I'll

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become root, and I will do vi /etc/hosts,

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and I'll just take these two

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entries out. I'll just leave these two,

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[Author typing]

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and close. So now if you run that

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command that we were trying to run

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before, hit up arrow key, up arrow key, oh

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no sorry, we were logged in as

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ourself, right. So now when you run that

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command, you will see it will give us a

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prompt. There you go. See right there.

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This was the one right, you hit enter.

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See it's connected. The next one is rsync,

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and this will tell you exactly, if I

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just type rsync, it will tell

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you how you can copy files. If you just

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want to itemize the changes, it will

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also tell you the progress of it. So

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this command is used, it's a very famous

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command now, and it is used by many

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system engineers to do and to perform

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file systems backup. Good luck.

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[No audio]