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Hi. In this lesson we are going to cover

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FTP, which stands for File Transfer Protocol.

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The FTP is a standard network protocol used

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for the transfer of computer files, between a

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client and a server on a computer network.

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FTP is built on a client-server

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model architecture using separate control and data

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connections between the client and the server.

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This is the definition that I have actually got

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it from exactly from Wikipedia. In very simple words,

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an FTP is a protocol that is used to

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transfer a file from server A to server B.

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Now, the protocol is actually a set

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of rules used by computers to communicate.

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So that protocol that tells the computer, hey,

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this is how it should be transferred.

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This is the port that you should use.

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This is an encryption that you should use.

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These are all defined rules that are already

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built in within a computer and operating system.

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For the FTP, the default FTP port is 21.

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Just like for SSH, we have 22, for DNS, we have 53,

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and for many other services that we run

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in Linux, for FTP, we use port 21

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to communicate from one server to another.

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Now, for this lecture, we need two Linux machines.

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If you do not have two Linux machine, I will

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recommend you that you should go ahead and build another

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Linux machine running CentOS, which could be exactly

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the same one as you had previously.

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So my first machine that I've been

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using is MyFirstLinuxVM.

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This is a hostname and the second machine

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that I created, and I'm referring it to

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as the host name as LinuxCentOS7.

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It's just a name that I picked.

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So anyway, I'm sure you already have MyFirstLinuxVM,

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CentOS VM,

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and what you need to do is to install another Linux VM.

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So if I give you a quick information on the

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Oracle VirtualBox, you see this is the first VM

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that I was running and this is the information.

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It has one gig machine, 10 gig disk space.

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The second machine that I'm using as a server

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also has the same specification, ten gig,

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one gig, everything exactly the same.

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Even I'm using the same version of CentOS as well.

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But I built a second one so

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we could go through this lesson. Sorry.

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All right, so to put in a

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graphical way, let's go into detail.

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So we have a client, a server that

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needs to send a file to another server.

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It's called Server A,

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and Server B.

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And whenever you have one server trying to

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connect to another server, that recipient becomes a

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server and the sender becomes a client.

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So it wants to send a file over FTP protocol.

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Now, if this recipient server, if it's not running

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any kind of listening service to receive that protocol,

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then it's going to reject that transfer.

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So we need to make sure that it is running FTP,

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the daemon or the service or the application on that server.

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And by default whenever we run it, it

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will start up that service on port 21.

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All right, now what is the process to

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actually configure that on client and server?

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So let's look at the server side first.

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So here are the quick steps that we'll cover to

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do the installation configuration of FTP under remote server.

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After becoming a root, we'll check if

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it has FTP server installed, we'll check

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if you have Internet connectivity.

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We'll install the vsftpd package on the server

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and then we'll modify the vsftpd configuration file.

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And in that file we'll

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make certain configuration changes.

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And these changes are here listed, we'll go over them

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one by one and then we'll start the service.

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We'll enable the service, it could start at boot time.

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We'll stop the firewalld so the communication can

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take place between server A and server B.

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If you wanted to leave your firewalld up and

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running, then you have to add a rule for it

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to allow to accept port or traffic 21,

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so traffic on port 21. You can find that online,

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how to add FTP hoard on the firewalld.

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And then you could disable that firewalld

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if you're not using it, just disable it

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so it won't start back online.

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And the last step is of course, make sure

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you create a user account on that FTP server

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if you do not already have it.

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Because that's the account we will use to

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transfer file from server A to server B.

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And the last part would be we we'll

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install FTP client on the client server, we'll

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become root, yum install ftp, become a regular user,

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and then we will create a file called kruger.

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Now this is just a regular file, you could

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actually use any file name you like, you could

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pick pizza, pasta, whatever the file name.

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But if you want to be consistent staying

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with me, just make a file called kruger.

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Once the file is created, then we'll FTP

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to the server, we'll enter our credentials, we'll

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put in a bi for binary, and then

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# for hash tagging it so you could see the progress.

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And we'll use the command put kruger.

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Once it's transferred, then we simply type it

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bye to get out of that FTP process.

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All right, so now let me go back to

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the installation process of FTP on the server.

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All right, as I said, for that I have a client,

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which is my first and,

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which is the very first Linux VM that I created,

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and I called it MyFirstLinuxVM.

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And then I have another machine that

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I'm using for this lecture purpose

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and then that machine

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I'm calling LinuxCentOS7.

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Now in this machine, once you have it built

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and configured, I want you to become root.

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[No audio]

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By the way, I was logged in as myself.

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So if I exit and I do, whoami,

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you're going to see that on this server

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I have already created an account iafzal.

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So if you do not have

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an account, during the installation you didn't create it,

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go ahead and create it. If you have it, good.

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Now become root. After becoming root, of

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course you could do whoami,

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just to confirm which users you are logged in as.

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Now you need to install the FTP daemon or the

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FTP service on your machine before you install it.

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Check if it has already been installed.

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So I would recommend you type rpm -qa, and grep for vsftpd.

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This is the name of the

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package that needs to be downloaded.

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Okay. It is not downloaded and it has not been installed.

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So I would run the command. Before I

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run the command, or before I go out

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on the CentOS repository to install it,

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I wanted to make sure this machine that

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I'm logged in right now has Internet access.

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So what I'll do is simply ping www.google.com, and

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you see I'm getting a response back. Perfect.

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So it means I have Internet connectivity.

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Now I will go ahead and do yum install vsftpd.

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[No audio]

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Now this command is going to the

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all the repositories and it is checking,

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Hey, do you have vsftpd package that

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I need to download and then install?

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It did go there.

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It checked and it says, yes, I do have it.

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And this is for architecture 64 bit.

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And the version that I have, the latest one is 3.0.2.

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Do you want to download?

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And the size is 171K.

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Yes, I do want to download.

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So simply type Y and hit enter.

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It's saying downloading package.

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And then it says it has a

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fingerprint, some information, some security information.

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Is this okay?

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That comes with a package. That is fine.

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Go ahead and click yes.

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[No audio]

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Running transaction check.

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Running transaction test.

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It will go through the process of

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fetching that package, downloading the package, installing

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the package, and then verifying the installation.

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And at the it will say it is completed, and verify it of course.

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Now, if you run that same command, rpm -qa

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and grep for vsftpd, you will see it will

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show up the package that is installed. There you go.

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This is the package that is installed.

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So we confirmed that it has been

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downloaded, and of course, it is installed.

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Now we need to configure it.

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So every time you hear the word configure, it means

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we have to configure it on the configuration file.

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The configuration file for FTP server

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is /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file.

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Before I modify it, I always recommend that

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you make a copy of it.

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So let's go to cd vsftpd, do ls -ltr,

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and you will see this is the file.

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Now I want you to go ahead and make a copy of that.

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So cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.orig.

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This is the name I usually pick to make a copy.

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As it reads, it will tell me

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that this is the actual original file.

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[No audio]

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All right, the copy of the backup has been created.

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Now I need to modify that file vsftpd.conf file,

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and now I have to go

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through these parameters that I have listed

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on my slide to modify these parameters.

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The first thing is find the following lines

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and make the changes as shown below.

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Disable anonymous login.

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So I will search for slash a-n-o-n-y-m-o-u-s, anonymous.

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It took me to the first word

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because I'm doing a search within vi.

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It took me the first word, but this

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is not the line that I'm looking for.

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So I'm going to hit N to go to the next one, and there it is.

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It says anonymous_enable and it is YES.

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So go ahead and remove that and put

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NO, because you don't want anyone else to

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come into your FTP server as anonymous. Good.

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Next parameters is ascii,

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it's scsi, asc,

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and now you have to uncomment these two lines.

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upload_enable,

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download_enable,

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that's perfectly fine.

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Now come down to where it says ftpd,

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search for that.

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It says ftpd_banner=

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Welcome to blah FTP service. That is fine.

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You could remove that, uncomment it.

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Now if you want to change

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to Welcome to blah FTP server,

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to Welcome to my beautiful FTP server. That is fine.

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You could do that.

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Now the last thing it says add at the end of this file.

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If you want to go to the end of this file, you have

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to press Shift G and it will take you to the end.

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And here I'm just going to put first

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I'm going to put comment, as Local Time,

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and I'm going to put in that parameters.

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It says, use_localtime=YES, perfect.

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These are the only configuration

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changes you have to make.

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I'll go ahead and save the file.

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Perfect. File is saved.

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Now it's time to start the vsftpd service.

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And for that, we have to

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use the command systemctl start vsftpd.

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[No audio]

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It is started. Let's check the status if it

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is actually started or not.

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Yes, it says Started, see active here. Beautiful.

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Now I want to enable that.

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So every time my system reboots, I don't have

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to go back in and start that service manually

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again, I want that service to

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start every time the system reboots.

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And for that I have to use the

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command systemctl enable vsftpd, hit Enter.

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And it has been enabled now. Perfect.

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Now I want to disable the firewall on this server.

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To disable it, I'll use the command, before

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00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:33,842
I disable, I need to stop it.

261
00:13:33,976 --> 00:13:35,798
So stop firewalld.

262
00:13:35,884 --> 00:13:38,234
Now, as I said earlier, if you do not want

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00:13:38,272 --> 00:13:41,418
to disable Firewall D, which I don't recommend you, I'm

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00:13:41,454 --> 00:13:44,454
disabling it because this is my lab environment.

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00:13:44,502 --> 00:13:46,254
So I'm okay, so if you're in the production

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00:13:46,302 --> 00:13:49,838
environment and you have Firewall D running, then you

267
00:13:49,864 --> 00:13:53,740
need to add the rule to allow port 21

268
00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:57,650
as an incoming traffic for that firewall.

269
00:13:58,330 --> 00:14:01,274
Anyway, going back, let's stop the Firewall D

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00:14:01,312 --> 00:14:03,374
because I'm using my lab and I really

271
00:14:03,412 --> 00:14:06,906
don't need that, it is stopped.

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00:14:07,038 --> 00:14:08,750
Now, let's check the status.

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00:14:08,750 --> 00:14:11,210
[No audio]

274
00:14:11,210 --> 00:14:15,786
See right here, it says inactive, dead. Perfect.

275
00:14:15,908 --> 00:14:18,200
Now, I want you to disable it.

276
00:14:18,530 --> 00:14:21,778
Meaning, every time my computer reboots, I don't

277
00:14:21,814 --> 00:14:24,080
want this service to start back again.

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00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:25,970
[No audio]

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00:14:25,970 --> 00:14:28,926
It is disabled. Perfect. Beautiful.

280
00:14:29,048 --> 00:14:31,482
We did our work on the server side.

281
00:14:31,556 --> 00:14:32,826
And the last line you're going to

282
00:14:32,828 --> 00:14:34,810
see, it says user@iafzal,

283
00:14:34,930 --> 00:14:39,238
if the user does not exist already. When I do exit

284
00:14:39,334 --> 00:14:42,450
out of the root, and I do, whoami,

285
00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:45,102
you see, I already have an account, my account.

286
00:14:45,176 --> 00:14:46,534
iafzal on this machine.

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00:14:46,582 --> 00:14:48,514
So I don't need to recreate.

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00:14:48,682 --> 00:14:51,258
If you do not have the account, or if

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00:14:51,284 --> 00:14:52,878
you do not have an account that you will

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00:14:52,904 --> 00:14:56,358
be using for the FTP purpose, than I want

291
00:14:56,384 --> 00:14:59,370
you to go ahead and create an account. Anyway,

292
00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:01,194
so, this is the configuration we

293
00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:06,370
followed on the FTP server.

294
00:15:06,490 --> 00:15:09,870
Now we have to do a few things on the FTP client.

295
00:15:10,250 --> 00:15:16,770
So the client needs to install FTP the package.

296
00:15:17,330 --> 00:15:21,990
And to do that, let's go in to our client.

297
00:15:22,730 --> 00:15:24,800
And my client is right here.

298
00:15:26,510 --> 00:15:28,590
This is MyFirstLinuxVM. Perfect.

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00:15:28,700 --> 00:15:32,730
Now, here, if I become root,

300
00:15:32,730 --> 00:15:37,170
[No audio]

301
00:15:37,170 --> 00:15:40,279
by the way, I was logged in as iafzal.

302
00:15:40,279 --> 00:15:43,054
So now, if I run FTP command, you

303
00:15:43,092 --> 00:15:46,200
see it says bash : ftp: command now found....

304
00:15:46,530 --> 00:15:49,474
The reason it is not found, because I

305
00:15:49,512 --> 00:15:52,430
do not have the FTP client installed.

306
00:15:52,610 --> 00:15:54,338
So I need to install the client.

307
00:15:54,374 --> 00:15:56,506
Now, of course, as I said, always check

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00:15:56,568 --> 00:16:01,030
to make sure you have Internet connectivity.

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00:16:01,530 --> 00:16:05,446
And for that, ping, any website that you like online.

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00:16:05,628 --> 00:16:09,720
And it says, I am getting the response back. Perfect.

311
00:16:10,170 --> 00:16:15,046
Now, I could go ahead and do yum install ftp. Now,

312
00:16:15,108 --> 00:16:17,642
this is not the vsftpd.

313
00:16:17,786 --> 00:16:18,890
This is FTP.

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00:16:18,950 --> 00:16:21,422
So, we are installing the client

315
00:16:21,506 --> 00:16:24,310
part here, not the server package.

316
00:16:25,650 --> 00:16:29,650
All right. So, once you do yum install ftp, it

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00:16:29,700 --> 00:16:32,650
will go online, check for the package.

318
00:16:33,330 --> 00:16:36,110
And it says Running transaction check. Package

319
00:16:36,170 --> 00:16:37,570
this will be installed. Perfect.

320
00:16:37,620 --> 00:16:38,710
This is what I want.

321
00:16:38,820 --> 00:16:40,642
The version number so and so.

322
00:16:40,716 --> 00:16:46,020
And the size has been 61 k. That's perfect. Go ahead. y.

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00:16:46,020 --> 00:16:52,930
[No audio]

324
00:16:52,930 --> 00:16:55,530
Okay. Transaction test succeeded.

325
00:16:55,590 --> 00:16:58,274
Verifying it, installing it, verifying it,

326
00:16:58,312 --> 00:17:00,098
and completed. Beautiful.

327
00:17:00,184 --> 00:17:02,894
So now, if you type ftp, and just simply hit Enter.

328
00:17:02,992 --> 00:17:05,714
You see, it actually took that command and

329
00:17:05,752 --> 00:17:09,642
it brought you into the FTP interactive session.

330
00:17:09,786 --> 00:17:11,366
You don't want to use that right now.

331
00:17:11,428 --> 00:17:13,069
Just click bye so you could get

332
00:17:13,117 --> 00:17:15,182
out and get your prompt back.

333
00:17:15,376 --> 00:17:19,814
Now, I want you to become iafzal again.

334
00:17:19,972 --> 00:17:22,490
You could do su - iafzal,

335
00:17:22,540 --> 00:17:24,579
or of course, in this case, it's yourself,

336
00:17:25,390 --> 00:17:27,540
or you could just simply do exit and it

337
00:17:27,556 --> 00:17:30,640
will bring you back to your own user account.

338
00:17:32,109 --> 00:17:37,758
All right. So if I do ls -ltr, these are the directories

339
00:17:37,914 --> 00:17:44,358
and files I have right now in my home directory.

340
00:17:44,454 --> 00:17:46,538
So this is home directory. Okay.

341
00:17:46,684 --> 00:17:51,349
Now, I want to create a file called touch kruger.

342
00:17:52,690 --> 00:17:53,910
It is created.

343
00:17:54,030 --> 00:17:57,170
If you do ls -ltr you see it has zero bytes.

344
00:17:57,850 --> 00:17:59,990
Right here it says zero bytes.

345
00:18:01,510 --> 00:18:03,314
If you want to add something to it,

346
00:18:03,352 --> 00:18:07,670
let's say, I will do ls-ltr,

347
00:18:08,470 --> 00:18:10,850
I'll output that to Kruger.

348
00:18:12,250 --> 00:18:19,230
Perfect. Now when you do ls -ltr now, it has total of 517 bytes.

349
00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:21,698
If you do cat on kruger, you're going to

350
00:18:21,724 --> 00:18:25,626
see basically the output of exactly ls -ltr.

351
00:18:25,758 --> 00:18:29,630
Anyway, why did I do that? No reason.

352
00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:33,282
I just wanted to have some information in that file.

353
00:18:33,426 --> 00:18:36,050
You could have done vi and typed in something else

354
00:18:36,100 --> 00:18:44,099
like vi kruger, like, This is my file blah blah.

355
00:18:44,590 --> 00:18:47,618
Anyway, I just wanted to populate the file with

356
00:18:47,644 --> 00:18:50,574
some information so it won't be zero bytes.

357
00:18:50,682 --> 00:18:55,454
Now, right now it has 545 bytes. All right, beautiful.

358
00:18:55,552 --> 00:18:58,302
We're moving along. Now, we have the file.

359
00:18:58,386 --> 00:19:00,266
Now the question is, I want to

360
00:19:00,328 --> 00:19:04,250
transfer that kruger file to the server.

361
00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:06,698
Then the server is the one

362
00:19:06,724 --> 00:19:11,286
where we installed that FTP package.

363
00:19:11,418 --> 00:19:15,318
So in order to transfer the file over to the server,

364
00:19:15,354 --> 00:19:18,270
we need to know the IP address of the server.

365
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:20,154
So I'll go back into my server,

366
00:19:20,202 --> 00:19:21,410
this is my server.

367
00:19:22,330 --> 00:19:25,250
For the IP address, I'll type ifconfig,

368
00:19:26,230 --> 00:19:28,922
and if I move up, you're going to

369
00:19:28,936 --> 00:19:32,330
see the IP address for enp0s3.

370
00:19:32,380 --> 00:19:36,206
The assigned one is 192.168.1.58. Perfect.

371
00:19:36,268 --> 00:19:37,430
We got the IP address.

372
00:19:37,540 --> 00:19:43,060
Now I'm going to do ftp 192.168.1.58.

373
00:19:44,290 --> 00:19:45,280
Hit Enter.

374
00:19:46,690 --> 00:19:47,882
Beautiful. There you go.

375
00:19:47,896 --> 00:19:50,394
It says, Welcome to blah FTP server.

376
00:19:50,442 --> 00:19:51,566
See that blah thing?

377
00:19:51,628 --> 00:19:53,102
I told you if you wanted to put

378
00:19:53,116 --> 00:19:55,670
it beautiful here, it would show beautiful there.

379
00:19:55,780 --> 00:19:58,274
Okay, so anyway, it says name and

380
00:19:58,372 --> 00:20:01,098
IP address and the username is iafzal.

381
00:20:01,134 --> 00:20:04,298
So by default, it picked the username that

382
00:20:04,324 --> 00:20:06,482
I've been trying to FTP it over.

383
00:20:06,616 --> 00:20:08,018
If you wanted to use a different

384
00:20:08,104 --> 00:20:10,586
username, then you will specify here.

385
00:20:10,648 --> 00:20:13,190
Let's say you want to use john or whatever,

386
00:20:13,300 --> 00:20:15,206
but I wanted to use my own name,

387
00:20:15,328 --> 00:20:16,550
so I'm not going to enter anything.

388
00:20:16,600 --> 00:20:18,578
I'm going to leave it as default, and

389
00:20:18,604 --> 00:20:20,440
I'm going to go ahead and hit Enter.

390
00:20:21,130 --> 00:20:22,470
Please specify the password.

391
00:20:22,530 --> 00:20:25,490
This is the password of your iafzal account

392
00:20:25,660 --> 00:20:29,450
to that server or to that remote machine.

393
00:20:29,450 --> 00:20:32,390
[No audio]

394
00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:35,122
It says, 230 Login successful.

395
00:20:35,206 --> 00:20:40,534
Remote system type is Unix. Using binary mode to transfer files.

396
00:20:40,702 --> 00:20:43,710
Perfect. Now, what I need to do, I want you to type

397
00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:48,690
bi or bin as switching to binary mode because you want

398
00:20:48,740 --> 00:20:52,294
to transfer the file always using FTP through the binary mode.

399
00:20:52,402 --> 00:20:53,492
That is fine.

400
00:20:53,492 --> 00:20:57,642
Then I want you to type hash, hash, meaning when you

401
00:20:57,716 --> 00:21:02,922
do the transfer, show me the hashtags, which will tell me

402
00:21:02,996 --> 00:21:06,510
that there's a progress going on in hashtag progress.

403
00:21:06,890 --> 00:21:08,734
Now time to put the file.

404
00:21:08,782 --> 00:21:13,446
So when it's time to transfer, you use the command put

405
00:21:13,508 --> 00:21:18,150
because you are going from A to B and do kruger.

406
00:21:19,970 --> 00:21:20,960
Hit Enter.

407
00:21:21,590 --> 00:21:25,254
Right here it says, as soon as you hit,

408
00:21:25,352 --> 00:21:30,906
put kruger local, kruger remote, Entering Passive Mode, 150.

409
00:21:31,028 --> 00:21:33,190
Okay, to send data, hashtag,

410
00:21:33,250 --> 00:21:34,486
remember, this is the progress.

411
00:21:34,618 --> 00:21:37,398
If it was a huge file, you

412
00:21:37,424 --> 00:21:39,274
would have seen so many hashtags.

413
00:21:39,382 --> 00:21:40,866
226 Transfer complete.

414
00:21:40,928 --> 00:21:42,322
545 bytes sent,

415
00:21:42,466 --> 00:21:46,338
this is the size of my file. 545 sent,

416
00:21:46,484 --> 00:21:47,754
succeeded. Perfect.

417
00:21:47,852 --> 00:21:50,862
Now you could just do bye. Now you

418
00:21:50,876 --> 00:21:52,770
are back out to your machine, now

419
00:21:52,820 --> 00:21:54,318
do you want to confirm on

420
00:21:54,344 --> 00:21:56,814
the server if it's been transferred? Of course. Yes.

421
00:21:56,912 --> 00:21:58,230
Let's go to server.

422
00:21:58,670 --> 00:22:02,182
I am in my home directory nad let's do ls -ltr,

423
00:22:02,266 --> 00:22:04,738
and you're going to see right here, this is kruger.

424
00:22:04,834 --> 00:22:06,260
This is the file transfer.

425
00:22:06,830 --> 00:22:09,858
That's how the FTP file transfer works.

426
00:22:09,944 --> 00:22:13,066
I hope this lecture actually has served its purpose.

427
00:22:13,138 --> 00:22:15,306
And you know how the FTP works.

428
00:22:15,368 --> 00:22:16,926
If you have any questions, please

429
00:22:16,988 --> 00:22:18,762
do not hesitate to contact me.

430
00:22:18,836 --> 00:22:20,166
I'm here to help you.

431
00:22:20,288 --> 00:22:23,674
So let's go and work this FTP

432
00:22:23,722 --> 00:22:27,393
server to learn this thing together. Good luck.

433
00:22:27,393 --> 00:22:29,611
[No audio]