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Creating files and directories. In this lesson we

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will cover how we can create files and

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directories, different ways to create files. The

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first one is the touch. The touch command creates

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a file that is, of course an empty file. The

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second way to create a file is if you are copying

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an existing file and creating a new file at the

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destination location. And the third way to create

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a file is through vi command. vi is our editor,

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which we will cover in detail later in the

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lessons, but I will cover quickly how we could

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create a file using vi. Creating directories, the

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easiest way to create directory in the command is

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mkdir which is make directory. So now let's get

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into our Linux machine, and we will use every

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command listed here as a practice to create

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files. Okay the first thing we have to do is to

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find out what user id we are logged in as. So you

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do whoami, and it will tell you you are logged in as

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yourself. And then the second thing you have to

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know which directory you are in and I am in my

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home directory. Now I have, I will be creating a few

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files and as your homework I want you to create

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those files and directories as well. The first way

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to create a file, here I have a list of

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files that I will be creating.

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[No audio]

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We will use the first command to create a file

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will be touch, okay. touch space, I have here jerry,

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hit enter. When you hit enter and you get the prompt

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back that means your command worked. Now how do we

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know where is that file? You do ls -l, and you

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will see here the directory you have is right here,

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jerry. Sorry not directory, the file. Now I want

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you to create another file, touch kramer. Again

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check if it's created. Yes it is created, jerry and

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kramer. Now I use the option ls -l which will

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list all the files and directories in alphabetical

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order. If you want to list all the files or

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directories that are created, and when it was last

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modified, you will use ls -ltr which means

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give you everything by the timely order, and in

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reverse meaning the oldest one at the top and the

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newest one at the bottom. Then you hit enter, you

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will see jerry was the first one that was created,

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followed by the kramer.

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Next one we are creating is george.

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How do you verify the file was created? You

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do ls -l.

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Now these files can be changed or renamed or

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moved. But we'll go to the next set of files to

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create I want you to use this time to copy command.

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So I want you to use cp jerry, and then the

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destination file I want you to be lex. Do ls minus

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ltr. So what exactly did it copy? This jerry file and

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named it lex. I want you to do the same thing for

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clark. So cp jerry or kramer or whichever file

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and do clark.

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Same thing cp jerry and lois.

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Now let's verify we have all those files. There you go.

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We got all six files. So now three files we

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created with touch command, three files we created

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with the copy command, and the rest of the files

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we'll create using vi. Now remember, vi is a very

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tricky, so I will only create one file and we will

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cover the vi later. So vi space homer. So hit

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enter. Once you hit enter, it will bring you to

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file editor. Now be very careful what you type in

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here, because you will not be able to get out if

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you really don't know what you are doing. So at

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this point, I just want you to do Shift colon, w

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as in write, q as in quit, and exclamation point,

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which is also referred as bang, hit Enter. The

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file homer is created. How do we verify it?

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Let's do ls -ltr, and there you go, the

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homer file is created. Now the other three

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files, I will create by the touch command. Now you

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will notice, you don't have to run touch command

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over and over again, you could run the touch

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command just once and do bart space lisa space

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marge, marge. So now with this just one command,

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it will create three files. So hit enter. Verify

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all three files bart, marge, lisa, all of them are

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in this directory. Now, the next step I want you

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to do is create directories within your home

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directory. So just do pwd just to make sure you

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are in home directory. Then from here, you do mkdir

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space seinfeld.

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Now the directory is created

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because you got, you got your prompt back, how do

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you verify it, ls -ltr. And you'll see at

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the bottom,

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that's where the directory is created. And if you

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notice, some of the Linux distributions also

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change the color for you. So this way, it will be

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easier for you to identify which one is the file

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or which one is a directory. Same way I wants you to

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create another directory mkdir superman, and

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again, you could also do the same way. Instead of

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running command one command after the other, you

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could just run one command and followed by two

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different directories. So the second directory we

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have is simpsons, simpsons.

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[No audio]

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And hit enter. Once you

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hit enter, so ls -ltr, see all three

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directories at the bottom. And you have all your

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files right here, listed here. So this is the way

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you create files and directories in your home

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directory. If you try to create a directory in

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let's say, slash or somewhere else where you do

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not have permission, it will tell you that this

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directory, you don't have sufficient rights to

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create that directory. So let's take the example

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if you go to cd slash etc, and I want to create

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a file here, let's call it test123 and hit enter.

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It's going to tell you, you do not have permission

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to create that file in there because we don't own

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slash. Who owns the slash? root owns it, and you are

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not root. Who are you? You are yourself in this case

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iafzal. Again, we learned three, four commands

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touch, cp, vi to create files, and the last

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command we learned to create directories is mkdir.

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[No audio]