Linux file system. Now what is a file system? A
file system is basically, think of as a closet as a
shelf. When you come in, you change, you put your
T shirts in one shelf, you put your socks in the
other. So there is a systematic way in your
closet, where you put all your stuff. The file
system in an operating system works exactly the
same. The operating system has file system where
command files go to a different folder, peripheral
devices or files go to a different folder, all the
programs and applications that you install go to a
different folder. So it will be easier, much
easier for operating system to access those files.
Now, operating system stores data on a disk drives
using a structure called file system,consisting of
files, directories, and information needed to
access and locate them. There are many different
types of file system. In general improvements have
been made to file system with new releases of
operating system, and each new file system has
been given a different name. In Linux, we have
file system called ext3, ext4, XFS,
and in Windows, it's the file system called
NTFS, or FAT. Linux file system stores information
in hierarchy of directories and files. Meaning,
there is a first folder, one folder, which is slash
a root filesystem. And every other file is created
within the first file or directory. The file
system structure in Linux actually looks like
this. As I mentioned, the first file system or
first folder always start with slash, which is
also referred to as root. Now please keep in mind
slash root is not as just slash. Slash is the
first directory structure where you have to start
your, navigating your file system. And then
underneath it has different folders as you could
see, it has bin, boot, dev, etc. So this is the way
Linux structure, its file system. Or if we compare
this Linux file system with Windows, you will see
the Windows has also something like that similar
structure, but they have given a different name.
So let's look at the Windows file system. If you
go to Start, and you go to Computer, you're going
to see your C drive. In this case, our C drive,
when we refer to our file system structure diagram
in the background, you'll see why here, that this
one has slash. So in Windows, it starts with C. So
C or slash is the same, but C and Windows and slash
and Linux. So when you double click on Windows C
drive, you're going to see all those different
folders. Now why do we have all those different
folders, why not just one folder, then it will be
so hard for the operating system to find the right
file or directory that you're looking for. So for
example, like apps and Dell, then you have Intel
folder, all the Intel chip related files are in
that directory, the logs, Program Files, Program
Files or the folder when you install a third party
applications. That's where they are downloaded or
the files get. Then we have another one, Program
Files(x86). That's where the 32 bit related
directories are created. And Users that are the
user directories. If you click on it, you'll see
my directory right here as well. And then of
course, the windows, anything that related to
Windows, so that's why it is predefined by Windows
that every time we create a file or every time we
install a program automatically, it gets installed
into these files and directories. So just like
that when we come here, you'll see here, this is
the file system the same way in Linux, the file
system is created but of course the naming
convention is different. Now let's take a look at
our Linux file system. So I'm going to open up
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Oracle VirtualBox.
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So let's go to the file system.
So as I said in the Linux file system, it starts
with the root. So when you do cd slash, which is
root slash, hit enter, and then you do ls -l.
Here you have a list of all the directories and
files that are starting with slash. You could go
into each of the directories and you could see how
the file system is structured. So I hope you guys
got the gist of how the file system looks like and
why do we have file system in our operating system.
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