Hello everyone, let's get into the fun part where
we will do the Linux download and installation, and
for the installation that I have picked is a
CentOS operating system. CentOS operating system
is just like a Red Hat operating system, and it's a
free, and I will definitely recommend you using
CentOS for this course because a lot of companies
are out there that use a Red Hat for the corporate
environment. Now for the version part I am using
CentOS 7, there's also a version 8 that is
out there already. If you want to use version
8, you can, that is perfectly fine because my
course follow both 7th and 8th. But my
recommendation is that you stick with 7
because a lot of companies, I would say 95 to 99%
of them, are still using older version like 5,
6, and 7. So it will take them at least three
four years to get on to 8. So if you're in the
job market or you want to get into job market I
would recommend you that you stick to 7. Now
for those who wants to go with the Red Hat
8, or CentOS 8, perfectly fine. You could
skip this lecture, and go to the very next lecture
which has CentOS 8 instructions for download
installation. Alright, without further ado, let me
get into the download part. So for the download,
what you have to do, you have to go into your
browser whichever browser you like, go to Google or
any search engine, and type CentOS download
ISO. Now by default, it will give you the first
page which will have the link to a CentOS 8. We
don't want 8, again we want 7, so let's go
back and I want you to type specifically CentOS
7 download ISO, and go to the second link which
says Index of /centos/7/, click on that. Now
click on x86_64 bit. Now again, every
image if you click on it, you're probably going to
get different links of the mirrors. You could pick
any one that gives you the CentOS 7, but
doesn't really matter. I'll go to the second one
and click on the 64 bit, your architecture has to
be 64 bit, if you're 32 search for 32 bit. Then
click on any mirror that you like and it will
start to download it so you go into this ISO,
CentOS-7-x86, 1908. Doesn't matter which
version or which build it has, maybe you have a
little later one, maybe you have an older one, it
doesn't really matter, what matters is it's CentOS
7. So go ahead and click on ISO and save. I
will not save it because I have already saved it
earlier, to save time, save your time and save my
time. So I'm going to go ahead and Cancel. So
anyway for your case, once you
click on OK, it will start downloading and it will
show up here if you're using Firefox. Once it's
downloaded, completed, then you need to go to your
Oracle VM VirtualBox. Now if you do not have
VirtualBox that is the latest version, this one
the one I have is 6.0. If you do not have
6.0, I would recommend that you upgrade it to
the new version. So now I will go ahead and create
a new virtual machine, I'll click on New. And the
name that I'll pick is MyFirstLinuxVM. That's
just the name of this virtual machine on the
VirtualBox. You could pick any name, but if you
want to go along with me pick that name. By
default you'll see is picking up Linux type
because I typed in the name as Linux, and the
version it's giving up as Linux 2.6 / 3.x / 4.x(64-bit).
If you do not see 64 here, you see 32
bit, then you'd need to change your BIOS
configuration. When you start up
your own laptop or PC, you have to go to your BIOS
setting, and enable the virtualization. If you need
instructions, I have included instruction, I have
given the the link to an article which will walk
you through one by one as how you could enable
that virtualization in your BIOS. So anyway, if
you, if it is showing 64 bit, perfect, go ahead and
click Next. The Memory size is 1 gig, 1024 megabytes,
which equates to one gigabyte
that's good, leave as default. Next, create a
virtual hard disk. By default it is telling me the
recommended size is 8 gig, you could leave it 8
gig, or you could change it. We will change in the
next one, in the next slide. So Create a virtual
disk now, click Create. VDI which is the default one,
leave a default, click Next.
Dynamically allocated, yes leave a default, click
Next, and now the size. By default, it is set, it's
clearly giving you 8. But for for this lab, I
want you to type 10, and click on Create. Now our
virtual machine is created as you could see, it's
right here saying MyFirstLinuxVM. So let me go
back in here, and this way I have a clear
background. Alright, so now what you need to do is
once your VM is created go ahead and click on Start.
[No audio]
Alright, so once you start it, by default it
will ask you, I do not have any operating system of
course, this is just an empty shell or empty
virtual machine. Now I need to attach an ISO image
to it and that ISO image is the same ISO image
that we downloaded earlier that is CentOS 7
ISO image. So go ahead and click on this little
folder. And now it will ask you where is your ISO
image located? My ISO image is located in my
personal folder and in my ISO, and I have right
here say CentOS-7. So go ahead and select that
and now click on Start.
[No audio]
Okay, and on this page by
default, it will come on this option which says
Test this media & install CentOS 7. I do not want
to test. Sometimes this option is good if you are
installing with the actual CD ROM, the physical one,
the CD, because sometimes it has scratches, and it
could impact your installation. So that's why you
should always test that media before you do the
installation. But since we did the ISO image
download, and I am very hopeful, and I'm sure that
the installation or sorry, the download was not
corrupted. So I'm going to use my up and down
arrow key and I'm going to select the first one
which says, Install CentOS 7, and I'm going to
hit Enter. Now what it's going to do now is it's
going to read the content of the ISO, it will copy
the content of the ISO, the ones that it needs to
start installation, it will bring it into the
memory and then it will start an installation
wizard. That's called Anaconda. That's,
just a name of the wizard that CentOS uses, it
will start and it will help us going through the
installer process from one step to another.
Alright, so right here, you're gonna see it says,
The Virtual Machine reports that the guest OS
supports mouse pointer integration. This means
that you do not need to capture the mouse pointer.
That is fine, you could go ahead and cancel that.
By the way, if your mouse is stuck
inside of this window, then you could use the
right click, you see right here this little thing
says a Right Ctrl key. This is a control key on
your key keypad and that is on your right hand
side. So once you press that key, then it will
release your mouse but if it is your mouse is
really going outside perfect. Anyway, let's get
into it. Now what language would you like to use
during the installation process, I am in United
States and of course English speaker. So I'm gonna
go ahead and pick English, and the English for the
United States. If you are in a different country
depending on your preferred language, you could go
ahead and select the desired language. Now go
ahead and click on Continue.
[No audio]
Alright, in the next page it says INSTALLATION
SUMMARY. And this is us is basically the keyboard
that has been selected, you don't need to click on
that, the first thing you need to click is DATE &
TIME. So date and time is by default, for me it is
already selected. My US time, I am in New York, it's
already, it actually, I didn't actually recognize that,
so I'm gonna leave that as default. And I'm going
to click on Done. Then it's gonna say LANGUAGE
SUPPORT, and as I said previously, we selected
English, and for the English (United States). Go
ahead and click Done, if you want to change it you
could change it here as well. By default it picks
up my keyboard as United States English keyboard.
If you are again in different country you could
pick according to your requirement. Now comes to
the part, let's scroll down on the right hand side
by grabbing the scroll bar, and then it says the
next one it says SOFTWARE, INSTALLATION SOURCE,
which is Local media, which is our ISO image that
is attached to this VirtualBox so you can leave
that as is. SOFTWARE SELECTION, this is Minimal install,
when you pick Minimal install it will not
install the GUI, it will only install the text
way or command line on your operating system. But
for this lab, I want you to go ahead and click on
it. And I want you to select Server with GUI. This
way you will have the server with the graphical
user interface. And you will see certain things
that you could add, remove using the GUI. But
again, I would say about 80% of the corporate
environment, do not use GUIs, they always use a
command line interface because GUI takes a lot of
resources. And it could also make your system little
vulnerable for the security threats. So if you are
in production, or corporate environment, check
with your company policy, and then you should
select the SOFTWARE SELECTION. Also, if you are
building a server, for different purposes, you're
going to see that the servers have a lot of add-ons
that you could do. So when you go to Minimal
install, you're going to see it has Security
Tools, Smart Card Support, System Administration
Tools, and you go to Compute Node, it has all the
other add-on selected tools and software that are
available to you. Again, it depends on what kind
of application you will run on this operating
system. Based on that you could select any tools,
or any add-ons, tools or application that you
want. Similarly, when you go to Infrastructure
Server, you probably heard of many of these
servers like FTP server, NFS, server, DNS server,
all that stuff, if you want to have them
installed, you could actually select them here, so
it will install the package. But anyway, if you do
not select any package right now at this point,
and you remember later on that you need to install,
not to worry about, you could just simply do the
yum install command, which we will cover later in,
in other lectures that I will show you how you
could install the add-on selected, add-on
packages. Again, that File and Print Server will
give you different options Basic Web Server,
I do want you to go through them one by
one, I don't want you to select any of them. But
again, if you want to select that's perfectly
fine. But I just want you to get familiar with
what are the options that are available on this
menu. But for this lab purposes, for this training,
I just want you to select the Server with GUI. And
now I want you to go ahead and click Done.
Now it's actually checking the software from the
ISO, it's basically the SOFTWARE SELECTION is
going to the ISO and asking, hey ISO, I've
been asked to select Server with GUI. Do you have
the required package. So that's why it's kind of
like going back and forth and checking. So anyway,
while it's checking, we'll go into the next one
where it says SYSTEM, and it says INSTALLATION DESTINATION.
By the way, it's finished and it
worked. It came back and says yes, I do. The next
one is INSTALLATION DESTINATION, meaning
where do you want to install this operating system,
which disk. You remember, we picked it 10 gig of
disk, so we'll go ahead and select this one. And
by default, it has already selected 10 gig, then
it has checkmark on it. And Other Storage Options,
it says Partitioning. It says, Automatically
configure partitioning. So we are not going to
partition it ourselves. We will let Linux pick the
partitions for its own which is a default
partition for the 10 gig disk, and now we go ahead
and click on Done. Now INSTALLATION DESTINATION is
done. KDUMP is when if there's something goes
wrong with your system, and it crashes, it has to
log something that why it crashes. And that kind of
kernel dump is when you, if you have it enabled,
then it will actually spit out all the information
to a log file. So when you have it enabled, that's
only when you have it, and it will spit out logs
only when you have it enabled. Okay. So
NETWORK & HOST NAME. So that's where we need to define
the network and the host name of the operating
system. So you go ahead and click on it. And host
name right here you see the host name is
.localdomain, I want you to highlight the entire entry
and type in MyFirstLinuxVM, and click on Apply.
As soon as you click on Apply, as you see right
here says, Current host name which is localhost
which what it had before. So once you click on
Apply, it will change it right here MyFirstLinuxVM.
So you'll probably notice that I put an
uppercase, the first letters, and it changed it to
lowercase. Because remember, Linux is a case
sensitive operating system, meaning it matters if
you put in uppercase and lowercase, but it prefers
that you always use lowercase letters. Alright, so
now let's go into the network where it says
Ethernet(enp0s3). Right now, this is
the network port that is assigned on your VirtualBox.
So right now you see it has a Hardware, which
is the MAC address, it has a Speed of one gig, and a
Subnet Mask is, it's picking up its local
IP. So what we need to do is, we need to click on
Configure because you see right now it's turned
off. Let's go ahead and click on Configure. And
the only thing I want you to pick in Configure is
go to General, and click on Automatically connect to
this network when it is available. Now what this
does is, it actually start your network or pick up
an IP whenever your computer or your operating
system restarts, go ahead and click on Save. And
you're going to see right away it picked up. And
by the way, this is going to be your Wi Fi network
adapters that is given to you by your VirtualBox.
So now go ahead and click on Done. Alright, the
last part is security profile. So we do not have
any security profile. But if you are doing this
installation for your company, check with your
company and check with your security folks. See if
they have any security that they use or any
template then you could attach it here, which will
apply all the security settings. But anyway, this
is lab and this is something we're going to be
learning later on. So now I want you to go ahead
and click on Begin Installation. Alright, in this
next page, you're going to get two options. While
it's going to run the pre configuration or pre
installation checks and stuff, it is
asking us to create a ROOT PASSWORD. So go ahead
and click on ROOT PASSWORD. By default, root is a
system administrator password in Linux. So I want
you to pick a Root Password.
[No audio]
I picked a weak password that it what it's saying
this yellow thing at the bottom it says the
password you have provided is weak. The password
fails the dictionary check - it is based on a
dictionary word. You will have to press Done twice
to confirm it. So if your password is weak, right now
as what I have my password is weak, so you would
have to select it Done, and another time you have
to click Done, twice. Second option is your USER CREATION,
I want you to go ahead and click on USER CREATION.
And this is a regular user, not a root, or
not an administrative user. So I am going to
create my account, I'm going to pick my name, Imran Afzal,
and the User name by default it'll pick
my first initial followed by the last name and the
Password, leave the other setting as default.
[No audio]
Again, my password is weak. So now I have to
select Done twice. One, two. All right. So now you
notice right here it's saying, installing gome-
user-docs, and installing this and that, these are
all the packages that it needs to install to
complete my installation. And the packages, total
packages in this install is 1353, and so far it
has installed 58. Now, this whole process could
take anywhere from 10 minutes to half an hour or
45 minutes depending on the speed of your
computer, where you are running this VirtualBox.
What I will do is from this point on I am going to
fast forward this entire installation. So if you
are sitting now I will ask you to go ahead
and take a break, take a coffee break, or get a get
some something to eat. And once it's done, we'll
start right from there. So I'm going to fast
forward right away and see you under the side
[No audio]
Alright, so congratulations, the installation
has been completed, as you could see at the bottom
right here says, CentOS is now successfully
installed and ready for you to use. Go ahead and
reboot to start using it. And also a little
message at the bottom it says, Use of this product
is subject to license agreement found at this
location. But anyway, you will get the license
confirmation that you can read through and accept
it once it reboots. So go ahead and
click on Reboot.
[No audio]
Again, this message appears, you could go ahead
and close this.
[No audio]
Since it is starting the first time, your operating
system is starting the first time, it could take us
a little while for it to start back again. But
that's fine, perfectly fine. Now licensing
part. I want you to go ahead and click on
LICENSING INFORMATION. It says, License not
accepted. Go ahead and click on it. And right here
read through it and click I accept the license
agreement, and click Done. NETWORK & HOST NAME, we
already configured that earlier so you don't need
to configure it again, now click on FINISH CONFIGURATION.
[No audio]
Now it is going to start the GUI,
the CentOS operating system GUI now.
[No audio]
Alright, perfect. So now you see how it shows you
on the top, it shows you the time, some network
information, a speaker, you could power it off from
here just like you know as if you see on the
Windows environment. Now go ahead and click on
your name, because this is the account that you
created. I hope you did not pick Imran Afzal,
because I hope you pick your own name while we
were going through the installation. So anyway, go
ahead and click on it and I'll provide the
Password. And once you provide the Password, click
Sign In, it will log you in but going back again,
if you want to log in as root, then you could
click on simply Not Listed and put in the Username
as root, and put in the Password. But anyway, I
want to log in as myself, I'll put my Password in,
and I'll hit Enter.
[No audio]
Okay, now we have this desktop looking type of
environment that has two icon on it. One is my
home folder. One is the trash can. It's pretty
big, I usually keep them smaller. So you could go
ahead and right click on it, and you could do
Resize icon, and then you could drag and make it
smaller just like that right click, Resize icon
and drag and make a smaller, you can also move
them around, up and down, left and right. So this
is your desktop environment. Now if you want to
start your terminal, now by the way, if you are
doing this for the first time, this is the first
welcome screen after installation, you could just
leave it as welcome. And it's going to say English,
it' for United States, I have that selected, I'm
going to click Next. Typing, it's already selected
for me English. If you want to change that now you
could change it as well click Next. Location
Services, I like to keep it disabled. So click on
OFF and Next. Connect Your Online Accounts. I
don't like that. I want to keep my Linux machine
private secure. So I'll click Skip. And I want to
click Next, it is Start Using CentOS Linux. Once I
click on that, it will bring me back to my desktop.
On the desktop, as I was explaining it earlier,
you could right click and click on Open Terminal.
By the way, this help, Getting Started GNOME Help
opened up again, I don't need that. So what I'm
going to do is I'm going to close that. Again this
this these windows are popping up because I am
using this operating system for the very first
time. So I could go ahead and close that and I
could start the terminal back again. So anyway,
how would you close that window, anything that
shows up like Software Updates Available, you
don't have to get it now, you could click click on
Not Now. And this is the terminal that what you want
to see and this is your command line terminal
where you could run all the commands and that's
where this is the output upon where we will learn
everything about Linux. So you're ready, let's go.