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[Intro Music]

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All right, I have just rearranged

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those two windows and stacked on

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top of each other in order to be

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able to leave my face here in this

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corner. So let's proceed. And in

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this lecture, let's create the two

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different containers based on nginx

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image. And for that we will serve

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files from different folders. Let's

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get right into it. Let's go to

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Visual Studio Code, and recap that

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there was 'containers' folder on

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Desktop; and inside of it, there

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was nginx folder. And we have used

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this folder in order to serve some

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static files like index.html

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and the favicons to clients using

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nginx web server. And now it's a

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good time to take this folder and

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make two copies of this folder and

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call them 'nginx1' and

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'nginx2'. And afterwards, we

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will spin up two different

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containers running nginx server, and

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we will expose them to do different

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external ports on this computer.

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Let's do so. If you don't have this

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'nginx' folder, you could take it

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from GitHub repository, just clone

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it, find 'containers' folder there,

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and then find 'nginx' folder.

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Great. Let me copy this folder,

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right mouse click, Copy, and paste

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here like so. And let me rename it,

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press Enter, and it will be 'nginx1'

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like so. And let's make one

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more copy, paste, and let's name it

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'nginx2', like so. Next, let's open

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up 'nginx1' folder, and open

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index.html file there. Let's first

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close this index.html file

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that was opened in nginx folder.

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Okay, so nginx1, and index.html.

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And here let's adjust this

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text, 'Hello from the FIRST nginx

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server, like so. Let's save this

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file. Next collapse nginx1

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folder, expand nginx2 folder, and

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open index.html file there. And

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let's adjust text here, Hello from

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the SECOND nginx server'. And also

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we could adjust the titles here, and

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instead of 'Document' here will

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be, let's say 'NGINX2', and let's

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save this file, go to nginx1

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folder, and index.html file

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inside of that folder, and adjust

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the document here, and here will be

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'NGINX1'. Let's save the file.

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And now we are all set. And now we

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are able to start two different

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containers in two different

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folders. Great. Let me close those

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two index.html files, and go to

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terminal. Recap that we have started

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the standalone nginx container

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using 'PWD' variable. And now we

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will do the same. But if you want

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to use variable instead of absolute

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path, you need to first 'cd' to

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corresponding folder that has

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needed files and only then run

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'docker run' command inside of that

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folder. Let's do so. Here will be

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'nginx1' server, and here will be

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'nginx2' server. Let's 'cd' to 'Desktop/

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containers/nginx1', like so. And

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here let's 'cd' to 'Desktop/containers/

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nginx2'. Great. Let's now start

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the nginx1 container, and for

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that we will use as usually 'docker

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run' command. Next let's expose port

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'-p', and let's run nginx1

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server on port, let's say 5555, and

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internal port will be 80, and

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next comes volume mapping, '-v',

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here will be variable 'PWD',

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next comes ':', and after

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':' you need to specify path to

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files inside of the container. And

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this path is 'usr/share/nginx/html',

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like so. And finally comes name of

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nginx image, 'nginx'. Also Optionally,

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you could specify the name of the

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container. Recap that if you don't

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specify the name of the container,

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then Docker will generate random

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name and you have seen such random

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names before. But you are able to

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add custom name if you want to. And

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for that you could use option '--name',

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and here let's name this

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container 'nginx1', like so.

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Great. Let's press Enter, and see

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what will happen. Container is

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running. We are actually inside of

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it and we are ready to see some

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logs. Great. Let's now do the same

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here for nginx to web server, 'docker

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run -p'. Let's expose it to

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port 6666 like so, and internal port

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will be again 80 because that's

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the port that is opened by nginx

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server inside of the container by

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default. Next comes the volume mapping,

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same variable 'PWD', it is important,

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same variable, and it will be

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replaced by absolute path for each

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of those folders - nginx2, and

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nginx1 in our case. And here,

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let's after colon specifies same

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internal folder, '/usr/share/nginx/

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html'. And let's give name to this

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container 'nginx2 nginx'. Okay,

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let's press Enter, and start this

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second nginx server. Now we are all

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set. And those two containers are

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now running. And in order to verify

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it, you can simply open up Google

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Chrome and try to connect to those

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two ports, 5555 and 6666. Let's do

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so. Let's go to Google Chrome, and

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here we could use a localhost. But

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recap that you're also able to use

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a loopback IP address 127.0.0.1 or

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any of the IP addresses of your

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computer. I'll use a localhost, so

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'localhost', and here let's

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connect to first nginx server.

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'Hello from the FIRST Nginx server!'.

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Let's open up a new tab. 'localhost

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:6666'. 'This site can't be reached',

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something is wrong. Let's go to

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terminal and verify what's actually

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happening here. '/usr/share/nginx'.

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[no audio]

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No logs here. And the command seems

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working properly. Let's go back

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to Chrome. Yeah, and actually, I

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see here error, 'ERR_UNSAFE_PORT'.

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It seems that I'm not able to

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expose the such port, 6666. Okay,

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let's rerun this container, and use

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another port. Let's close this, and

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let's run it at port, let's say

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7777. And I see error from Docker,

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'Error response from daemon:

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Conflict. The container name "/nginx2"

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is already in use by another

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container'. But actually, I have

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just stopped this container with

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custom name. But it still exists

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and you are able to start it over

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again. You could verify that by

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entering 'docker ps', and you should

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see only one container running, and

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yes, that is a case here we see

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this container that is running here

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in this window. But if you type

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'docker ps -a', you will see that

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this container, it should be

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somewhere at the top, was exited,

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but it is still available for use,

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and you are able to restart if you

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want to. Here was actually this

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container with name 'nginx2'.

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That's why we need to remove this

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container first before starting

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container with the same name. And I

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could remove container by typing

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'docker rm', and here will be either

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ID of the container or its name, we

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could use here name, 'nginx2', like

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so. Container was removed. And now I

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am able to try to start

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container with the same name again.

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Let's clear terminal here, and

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again go back to history and find

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this command. And let's try to start

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this container and expose port 7777,

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Enter, let's go to Chrome, and

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here instead of this port, let's

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use this port, Enter, and I see

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response, 'Hello from the SECOND

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Nginx server!'. Basically I have no

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idea why port 6666 is considered

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unsafe. Actually, let me Google it

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quickly, '6666 unsafe port', and

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let's check out this first link,

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'Which ports are considered unsafe

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by Chrome?' We'll scroll down a bit,

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and here is a list of all ports

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that are considered as restricted.

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Actually, you see here a list of

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default ports for different

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applications like Port 22 for 'ssh',

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and so on. And let me scroll down

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and yes here is the list of ports in

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this range. And this port 6666

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is an 'Alternator IRC [Apple addition]' port.

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Actually I don't know what is IRC,

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let me check what is that quickly.

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IRC is Internet Relay Chat, is a

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system that facilitates transfer

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messages in the form of text'. Okay,

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it's some sort of chatting

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application. Great. That's how we

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found out that we are not able to

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expose such port and use it for

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our nginx server, or any other

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container basically. Great. We have

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achieved actually our goal, and we

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are able to summarize what we have

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achieved in this lecture. And we

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have created two different nginx

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servers here with first server and

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we have served content from the

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'nginx1' folder, and here was

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the second nginx server and it

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serves content from the nginx2

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folder, and here we have actually

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verified that. Here you see, 'Hello

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from the SECOND Nginx server!'; and

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here is the document title, NGINX2;

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and here in this tab you see

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document title, 'NGINX1', and

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'Hello from the FIRST Nginx

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server!'. And of course, anytime when

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you edit the files in those two

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folders, and refresh the page

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afterwards in Google Chrome, you'll

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see updated page. For example, if I

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change index.html file here in

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nginx2 folder, and add one more

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exclamation mark here, go to Google

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Chrome back, go to nginx2,

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refresh page, you will see

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updated text here. That's how

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you're able to start multiple

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nginx servers. But it is

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important that you need to use

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different external ports, because

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on your computer, each port may be

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utilized only by one application.

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And in this case, those two ports,

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this port and this port will be

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actually forwarded to Docker host

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and it will actually proxy those

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ports to corresponding containers.

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That's how it works under the hood.

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Great. That's all for this lecture.

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I hope that you have enjoyed it, and

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we've found some interesting stuff.

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And in the next lecture, let's

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start with Python; and let's create

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a simple Python application and run

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it inside of the container. I will

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see you in the next lecture. Bye-Bye.

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[no audio]