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[Intro Music]

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We have just discussed how to

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create archives, and how to compress

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them. Also, I have shown you how to

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extract contents from the

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compressed archive. And for that

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you could use just a single utility

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called 'tar'. It's very powerful utility,

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and it has a lot of different other

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options. And before going on, let

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me quickly enter a command 'file', and

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here will be path to archive, and

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recap that we have created file

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called 'archive.tar.gz', and if I

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enter such command, I will see

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actually details about this file.

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And I will see that this file is 'gzip

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compressed data'. That actually

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proves that this file was

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compressed using 'gzip' utility.

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Alright, let me quickly go one

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level up and remove this temporary

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folder, 'rm -r tmp'; and also let

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me remove 'archive.tar.gz', because I

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have placed it in the root

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directory. All right, now we are

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good to go. And in this lecture, I

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will explain you how to sort files

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and how to sort the contents of the

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file. And for that, we will use two

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commands 'ls' and 'sort'. First let

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me demonstrate to you how you could

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sort files here in this output.

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And notice that by default files

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and folders are sorted by names.

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And here you see that names start

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from 'e' and the last name has 'z' in

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my case. Alright, let me

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demonstrate to you how you could

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sort this output, for example, by

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size of every file or directory.

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Let's do following, let's 'ls --help';

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and here I'll use 'grep'; and

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let's find all options that have

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'sort' somewhere like this. And

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I'll see that there are some

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options that have 'sort' in

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description. For example, using

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'-S', we can sort by file

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size and largest files will be

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first. Also using '--sort'

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option, please note that this

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option is different from '-S',

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because those options are

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located on different lines. This

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option has additional mandatory

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argument 'WORD'; and we could use

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here such words as 'size', 'none', and for

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example, 'time'. And with this option,

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'--sort' and argument 'time',

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we're able to sort files by

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creation or modification time. All

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right, let's now try those two

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options. And first, let's try '-S'.

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Let's clear terminal, and

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here type 'l', and 'S';

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press Enter; and here I'll see that

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file and folders will be sorted by

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file size. Of course, we're able to

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add here additional '-h' option,

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'human'; and now we will see sizes in

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kilobytes, megabytes and so on.

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Also, we could add additional

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option 'r', that will reverse

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sorting; and now I'll see smallest

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files first. This is how we are able to

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quickly sort files by size. Now

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let's try to use

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'--sort' option. 'ls -l', and here

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let's add the option '--sort'; and here

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will be equal sign. And if I press

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Enter now, I will see actually all

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possible arguments that we are able

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to use along with this '--sort'

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option. And let's sort for example

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byte size. '--sort=

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size'. Recap that here we supply

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argument for this 'sort' option. We

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have talked about that before. All

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right, press Enter. And now I see

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that files were sorted by size. If

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I add here additional 'h' option, I

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will see actually same result as we

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have seen before, and it is

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actually alternative for

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'-S' option. All right, now

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let's try to sort by additional

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argument and that will be 'time', time

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of creation. 'time', and now we will

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see that the files will be sorted

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by modification date, and newest

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files appear here first. Notice

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that this file was modified at the

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1st June, and the last file in

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this list was modified at the

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27th May. Alright, now let's also

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sort by extension. Here will be

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'extension', like so. And now I will

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see that the 'txt' files, for example,

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will be placed at the end, 'pdf' files

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will be grouped here, 'conf' files

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will be grouped here. We have

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applied sorting by extension of the

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file. Alright, this is how you're

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able to sort the result of the 'ls'

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command. Now, let's move forward, and

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let me explain you know how to sort

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the contents of the file, but let's

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proceed after the small pause. I'll

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see you next. Bye-Bye.

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[no audio]