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[Intro Music]

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All right, let's now try 'tar' utility

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on practice. And let's create

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an archive that will contain all

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files and folders located in home

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directory for this user. I am

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currently inside of this home

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directory. And if I list files and

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folders here, I should see some

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files and a single folder that I

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have created over the course of the

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previous sections. Now let's create

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archive that will contain all

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those files and folders. All right,

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'tar'; and next, I need to use

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option '-c' that will create

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new archive create; and next

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option will be file, 'f'; it means that

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I want to create the archive inside

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of the new file; and next will be

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name of this file, and let's give

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it name, 'archive.tar'; and next

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I'll specify which files and

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folders I want to put into this tar

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file. And let's suppose that I want

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to put the entire home directory,

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here I could use either '.',

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because now I am currently located

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in this home directory, or I could

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use tilde sign, '~' like so that also

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represents home directory for this

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particular user. Alright, let's

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create archive using such command.

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Here I see some informational

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messages from tar utility. That

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means that it has removed leading

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slashes from member names, from

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files and folders; and also it

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tells me that it has not put into

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archive newly created file 'archive

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.tar'; and this file was created

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actually in home directory first,

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and afterwards, those contents of

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home directory were placed inside

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of this archive. But this archive

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itself wasn't placed into itself.

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That is the meaning of this

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warning. All right, let's know list

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files and folders here in home

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directory. And now I see newly

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created file archive.tar, and

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notice its size. Its size is around

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400 kilobytes. I could add here

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human, 'h' option; and I'll see that the size of

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archive.tar file is 380 kilobytes.

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Alright, let's now list the

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contents of this archive. For that

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we could use additional option 't'.

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Let's do that. 'tar -t'.

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Let's try only this option. And

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here will be name of the

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archive, archive.tar. I could

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use autocomplete, and press

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Enter. And now you see that tar

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has refused to read archive

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contents from terminal. And that

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means that without 'f' option, it

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will try to read contents from the

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terminal, and we have not supplied

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any contents inside of the terminal

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via STDIN.

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That's why we need to add here 'f'

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option that will read the contents

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from the file. Let me add this

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option, '-tf'. And now I see

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contents of this archive. It

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contains a bunch of other folders

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and files that were located in 'root'

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folder. 'root' folder is home

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directory for 'root' user. All right,

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that's our contents of this

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archive. Let's again list the files

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and folders here. And now let me

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demonstrate to you how to create

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compressed archive from this

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archive. For that we could use

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additional utility, 'gzip'. Let's simply

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type 'gzip'. And here next, let's

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type the name of the file we want

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to compress. Actually, you could

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compress any file you want, not

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necessarily archived file. But

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let's compress archive.tar. Press

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Enter. And let's list files and

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folders now. And now I see here file

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'archive.tar.gz', and I don't see

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previous file named archive.tar.

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And that means that gzip utility

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actually replaces file using

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compressed file with extension '.gz'.

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And notice that size of this

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compressed file is much much

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smaller than the size of the

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tar archive. Recap that size of the

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tar archive was 380 kilobytes, and the

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size of this archive is just 80

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kilobytes. All right, this is how

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we were able to compress archive

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created using 'tar' command. Also,

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it is possible to create a compressed

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archive just using single 'tar' command.

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Let's do that. Let's remove this

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file, 'rm archive.tar.gz'; and now

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let's again perform the same action,

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compress all files and folders in

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the home directory using 'tar' command,

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but using additional 'z' option that

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will also create compressed

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archive. Let's clear terminal and

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here will be 'tar'; next let's add

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option - first option will be 'c', that

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stands for create, create new

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archive; next option will be 'z', that

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stands for compression, create

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compressed archive; and last option

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will be file, 'f', create file with

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archive; next will be path to

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archive, and let's place this file

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outside of the home directory for

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this user, and I'll place it to one

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level up, and the name of the file

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will be 'archive.tar.gz'. I am

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placing this archive outside of the

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home directory for this user,

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because now I will actually

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compress home directory and I want

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to avoid any mistakes. Next will be

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path to home directory for this

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user, and let's again use tilde, '~'

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sign, or I could simply use dot, '.',

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here because now I'm currently

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located in home directory for this

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user. Alright, let's now press

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Enter, and see what will happen. And

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it seems that now I have not got

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any errors, and the file seems to

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be created. And in order to view it,

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let me go one level up to parent

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folder. And the parent folder is

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actually 'root' directory. And here

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let me list files and folders, 'ls

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-l'; and here somewhere at the

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top should be this 'archive.tar.gz'

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file. And yes, here it is.

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This is how we were able to create

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a compressed archive using just

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single 'tar' command. Alright, now

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let me show you how we are able to

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extract contents from this archive.

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For that we could again use just

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single 'tar' command. And let me

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create a new folder inside of that

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home directory for this user. Let's

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'cd' to home directory, and here let's

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create a new folder, let's say 'tmp',

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and let me 'cd' to this 'tmp' folder;

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and here inside of this folder,

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I'll use 'tar' command with following

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options, 'x', extract. Next, let's add

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the option verbose, 'v', that will

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actually print the contents of this

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archive while extraction will be in

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progress. And the next option will

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be 'z'. That stands for

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uncompressed because we will

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uncompress first, and afterwards

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extract contents from the

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compressed archive. And final

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option will be 'f', that stands for

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File. Next will be path to archive,

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and the let's use here absolute

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path, that archive is located in

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'root' folder, here will be forward

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slash, '/'; and next will be the name of

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the archive, let's use tab,

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archive.dot.gz. And that's all.

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Let's press Enter. And you'll see a

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bunch of files that were extracted

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into current 'tmp' folder. Let's list

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files and folders here. And here I

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see actually contents that were

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extracted from the archive. This is

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how you're able to extract contents

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from the compressed archive using

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just single 'tar' command. All right,

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that's all for compression and

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uncompressing. And that is actually

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very easy using the 'tar' command.

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And the most popular options I have

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actually shown you in this lecture.

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That's all for this lecture, and

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next let's move on, and in the next

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one I'll explain to you how to sort

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files, and how to sort contents of

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files. I will see you next. Bye-Bye.

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[no audio]