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[Intro Music]

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Now you know what is 'xargs' command,

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and how you could use it with

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piping. Now, let's suppose that we

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have following task. We need to find

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all directories that have "kernel"

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somewhere in their names; and

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afterwards we want to list all

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files and directories in those

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found directories. For that, we can

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use 'ls' command combined with 'find'

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command. First we'll find all

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directories that contain somewhere

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"kernel'; and afterwards we will

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execute 'ls' command. Let's try to use

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an 'exec' option in 'find' command. All

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right. 'find', and let's look for such

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folders in all folders, here will be

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absolute path to root folder,

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'/'. Next, I am looking for

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folders that have somewhere "kernel"

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like so, here will be '-name' option.

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Next, I say that I want to search

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only for directories '-type d'.

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Next, comes 'exec' option, and here we

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will execute 'ls' command that will

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list all files and folders inside

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of the found directories. 'exec ls

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-l', we'll say; here will be also

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'--color' option in order to see color

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output; here will be pair of curly

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braces; and in this case 'ls' command

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will be run multiple times

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depending on the quantity of the

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found directories. And finally, it

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will be a '\;'. And

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it will be last argument for 'exec'

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option. Here are actually all

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arguments that will be used for

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'-exec' option. All right, let's

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press Enter, and see results. And

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actually, I see such sections as

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this one, this one, let me scroll a

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bit up, here was one more large

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section, and so on. Different

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sections, one section per found

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folder. Actually, let me remove

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temporarily this '-exec' part, like

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so, and execute it without '-exec'

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option. And you see that in my

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case, I have found the 1, 2, 3, 5 folders

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that have "kernel" somewhere in their

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name. And here you see all paths to

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those folders - '/etc/kernel',

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'proc/sys/kernel', and so on. And

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actually here we see contents of

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every such folder. For example,

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let's list files and folders here

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in this directory. Let me copy it,

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paste, and I see same result as I

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have seen here in this section. But

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notice that in this output, we

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don't see actually path to every

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directory we are currently

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processing. Recap that in this

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command, let me go back to it, each

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found directory will be sent as

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argument here to 'ls -l --color'

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command. Alright, now let's

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try to use pipe operator and 'xargs'

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command in order to perform same

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action. I'll simply remove this

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part with 'exec' operator; then I'll

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add pipe, '|' operator, here will be

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'xargs', like so; next, will be 'ls -

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l'; and '--color' option.

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Let's execute this command now and

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see results. And now I see that all

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files and folders of every found

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directory are grouped per

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path. For example, here I see files

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and folders located in this

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path. There is one file 'uevent',

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and one folder 'parameters'. Same

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I see for other directories. For

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example, '/sys/kernel', '/root/etc-

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backup-2/kernel' and so on. And

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that means that now we see actually

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result that differ from the

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results that we have received with

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'exec' option for 'find' command. And

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actually here what happened? We

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send results of 'find' command as

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arguments using 'xargs' command to

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this command; and this command has

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executed actually multiple times,

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in this case five times. And we

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have seen results grouped by

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specific directory name like, '/etc/kernel',

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'/proc/sys/kernel', and so on.

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That's how you could combine the

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'find' command, pipe, '|' operator, and

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'xargs' command. Alright guys, that's

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all for this lecture. I hope you

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enjoyed this example. And now you

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understand how to use pipe, 'xargs',

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'find' and other comments. And that's

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all for 'find' command. I have given

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you some examples. 'find' command is

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very useful; and it has many, many

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different options; and I hope

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you'll explore some additional

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options on your own. Now, let's go

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on, and next let's talk about

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compression in Linux, and I'll

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explain you how to zip and unzip

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different files and folders. I'll

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see you next. Bye-Bye.

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[no audio]